Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America.
Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America.
J Radiol Prot. 2021 Nov 15;41(4). doi: 10.1088/1361-6498/ac125b.
A radiation combined injury is defined as an injury that occurs in the setting of irradiation, such as those expected after a nuclear accident, radiation dispersal device release (a 'dirty bomb'), or a nuclear weapon detonation. There is much research on irradiation-associated burns and their healing, but there is less known about other injuries sustained in the context of irradiation. Animal models are limited in their correlations to clinical situations but can support research on specific questions about injuries and their healing. Mouse models of irradiation with skin or bone wounds are validated as highly reproducible and quantitative. They show dose-dependent impairment of wound healing, with later recovery. Irradiation-induced delay of bone wound healing was mitigated to different extents by single doses of gramicidin S-nitroxide JP4-039, a plasmid expressing manganese superoxide dismutase, amifostine/WR2721, or the bifunctional sulfoxide MMS-350. These models should be useful for research on mechanisms of radiation dermal and osseous damage and for further development of new radioprotectors. They also provide information of potential relevance to the effects of clinical radiation therapies.
辐射复合伤定义为在照射环境下发生的损伤，如核事故、放射性散布装置（“脏弹”）或核武器爆炸后预期发生的损伤。人们对与辐射相关的烧伤及其愈合进行了大量研究，但对照射环境下发生的其他损伤知之甚少。动物模型与临床情况的相关性有限，但可以支持对损伤及其愈合的具体问题进行研究。具有皮肤或骨骼伤口的辐照小鼠模型被验证为高度可重现和定量的。它们显示出伤口愈合的剂量依赖性损伤，随后会恢复。通过单次给予革兰氏菌素 S-亚硝自由基 JP4-039、表达锰超氧化物歧化酶的质粒、氨磷汀/WR2721 或双功能亚砜 MMS-350，可在不同程度上减轻辐照诱导的骨伤口愈合延迟。这些模型应有助于研究辐射对皮肤和骨骼损伤的机制，并进一步开发新的辐射防护剂。它们还提供了与临床放射治疗效果相关的潜在信息。
