Combined injury: irradiation with skin or bone wounds in rodent models.

A radiation combined injury is defined as an injury that occurs in the setting of irradiation, such as those expected after a nuclear accident, radiation dispersal device release (a 'dirty bomb'), or a nuclear weapon detonation. There is much research on irradiation-associated burns and their healing, but there is less known about other injuries sustained in the context of irradiation. Animal models are limited in their correlations to clinical situations but can support research on specific questions about injuries and their healing. Mouse models of irradiation with skin or bone wounds are validated as highly reproducible and quantitative. They show dose-dependent impairment of wound healing, with later recovery. Irradiation-induced delay of bone wound healing was mitigated to different extents by single doses of gramicidin S-nitroxide JP4-039, a plasmid expressing manganese superoxide dismutase, amifostine/WR2721, or the bifunctional sulfoxide MMS-350. These models should be useful for research on mechanisms of radiation dermal and osseous damage and for further development of new radioprotectors. They also provide information of potential relevance to the effects of clinical radiation therapies.