Abdel-Hamid Nour H, Ghobashy Hazem M, Beleta Eman I, Elbauomy Essam M, Ismail Rania I, Nagati Sultan F, Hassan Safaa K, Elmonir Walid
Department of Brucellosis Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
Department of Bacteriology, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Fayoum, Egypt.
One Health. 2021 Jun 19;13:100281. doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100281. eCollection 2021 Dec.
Brucellosis is a zoonosis that has a devastating impact on the economy and public health, particularly in the Middle East, including Egypt. This study aimed to define risk factors associated with brucellosis in humans and in their cattle in Fayoum governorate - Upper Egypt. Also, molecular genotyping of recovered isolates from human cases and their cattle to assess the potential cross-species transmission in the study region. Data were obtained via double matched case-control studies for brucellosis in humans (106 cases and 160 controls) and in their cattle (78 cattle cases and 105 cattle controls). The results of multivariate regression analysis revealed that predictors of human brucellosis were animal-related occupations (OR 2.1, 0.02), previous infection in other household members (OR 3.2, 0.007), eating home-made soft cheese (OR 2.3, 0.03), and exposure to cattle abortions (OR 6.9, < 0.001). For cattle, predictors of brucellosis were maturity ≥2 years of age (OR 2.9, 0.01), ≥2 animals reared by the same household (OR 3.7-6.9, ≤ 0.001), and recent abortion (OR 15.2, 0.01). Twelve isolates were recovered from eight human cases (7.5%, 8/106) and four cattle cases (6.2%, 4/65). All isolates were biovar 3. Analysis of the gene sequence revealed complete homology (100%) between isolates. Six virulence genes were utilized for virutyping: (100%), (100%), (100%), (91.7%), (91.7%), and (75%). Virutyping revealed four virutypes: V1 (lack , 16.7%), V2 (harbored all genes, 66.7%), V3 (lack , 8.3%), and V4 (lack and , 8.3%). Repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR (REP-PCR) typing revealed two REP types. Combined REP-PCR/virulence genotyping revealed five different genotypes (G1-G5) for the detected isolates and a unique genotype for the reference strain (G6, bv3 Ether). Human and cattle isolates from the same household had matched genotypes. In conclusion, there were widespread risk factors among the cases studied. Health education for high-risk groups is essential for disease prevention, and combined REP-PCR/virulence genotyping is a quick tool for traceability, particularly in developing countries endemic with brucellosis as Egypt.
布鲁氏菌病是一种人畜共患病，对经济和公共卫生有毁灭性影响，在中东地区（包括埃及）尤为如此。本研究旨在确定埃及法尤姆省（上埃及地区）人与牛感染布鲁氏菌病的相关危险因素。此外，对从人类病例及其牛群中分离出的菌株进行分子基因分型，以评估研究区域内潜在的跨物种传播情况。通过对人类布鲁氏菌病（106例病例和160例对照）及其牛群（78例牛病例和105例牛对照）进行双匹配病例对照研究获取数据。多因素回归分析结果显示，人类布鲁氏菌病的预测因素包括与动物相关的职业（比值比2.1，P = 0.02）、其他家庭成员先前感染（比值比3.2，P = 0.007）、食用自制软奶酪（比值比2.3，P = 0.03）以及接触牛流产（比值比6.9，P < 0.001）。对于牛来说，布鲁氏菌病的预测因素包括年龄≥2岁（比值比2.9，P = 0.01）、同一家庭饲养≥2头牛（比值比3.7 - 6.9，P ≤ 0.001）以及近期流产（比值比15.2，P = 0.01）。从8例人类病例（7.5%，8/106）和4例牛病例（6.2%，4/65）中分离出12株菌株。所有分离株均为生物变种3型。基因序列分析显示分离株之间具有完全同源性（100%）。利用6个毒力基因进行毒力分型：（100%）、（100%）、（100%）、（91.7%）、（91.7%）和（75%）。毒力分型显示有4种毒力型：V1（缺乏，16.7%）、V2（携带所有基因，66.7%）、V3（缺乏，8.3%）和V4（缺乏和，8.3%）。重复外显子回文PCR（REP-PCR）分型显示有2种REP型。联合REP-PCR/毒力基因分型显示，检测到的分离株有5种不同基因型（G1 - G5），参考菌株有独特基因型（G6，生物变种3型埃瑟尔）。来自同一家庭的人类和牛分离株具有匹配的基因型。总之，在所研究的病例中存在广泛的危险因素。对高危人群进行健康教育对于疾病预防至关重要，联合REP-PCR/毒力基因分型是一种快速的溯源工具，尤其在布鲁氏菌病流行的发展中国家如埃及。
