Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China.
Institute of Biotechnology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China.
Biol Res. 2021 Jul 8;54(1):19. doi: 10.1186/s40659-021-00344-4.
In the era of climate change, due to increased incidences of a wide range of various environmental stresses, especially biotic and abiotic stresses around the globe, the performance of plants can be affected by these stresses. After oxygen, silicon (Si) is the second most abundant element in the earth's crust. It is not considered as an important element, but can be thought of as a multi-beneficial quasi-essential element for plants. This review on silicon presents an overview of the versatile role of this element in a variety of plants. Plants absorb silicon through roots from the rhizospheric soil in the form of silicic or monosilicic acid. Silicon plays a key metabolic function in living organisms due to its relative abundance in the atmosphere. Plants with higher content of silicon in shoot or root are very few prone to attack by pests, and exhibit increased stress resistance. However, the more remarkable impact of silicon is the decrease in the number of seed intensities/soil-borne and foliar diseases of major plant varieties that are infected by biotrophic, hemi-biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens. The amelioration in disease symptoms are due to the effect of silicon on a some factors involved in providing host resistance namely, duration of incubation, size, shape and number of lesions. The formation of a mechanical barrier beneath the cuticle and in the cell walls by the polymerization of silicon was first proposed as to how this element decreases plant disease severity. The current understanding of how this element enhances resistance in plants subjected to biotic stress, the exact functions and mechanisms by which it modulates plant biology by potentiating the host defence mechanism needs to be studied using genomics, metabolomics and proteomics. The role of silicon in helping the plants in adaption to biotic stress has been discussed which will help to plan in a systematic way the development of more sustainable agriculture for food security and safety in the future.
在气候变化的时代，由于全球范围内各种环境胁迫（特别是生物和非生物胁迫）的发生率增加，植物的性能可能会受到这些胁迫的影响。硅（Si）是地壳中含量第二丰富的元素，仅次于氧。它不被认为是一种重要的元素，但可以被认为是植物的一种多效有益的准必需元素。本综述介绍了硅在各种植物中的多功能作用。植物通过根部从根际土壤中以硅酸或单硅酸的形式吸收硅。硅由于其在大气中的相对丰度，在生命有机体中起着关键的代谢功能。硅含量较高的植物茎叶很少受到害虫的攻击，并且表现出增强的抗胁迫能力。然而，硅更显著的影响是减少了受生物、半生物和坏死病原体感染的主要植物品种的种子强度/土壤传播和叶部病害的数量。硅对一些与提供宿主抗性有关的因素的影响导致了病害症状的改善，这些因素包括潜伏期、病变的大小、形状和数量。硅通过聚合在角质层下和细胞壁中形成机械屏障，这是如何降低植物病害严重程度的第一个假设。目前还需要使用基因组学、代谢组学和蛋白质组学来研究硅如何增强生物胁迫下植物的抗性、它通过增强宿主防御机制来调节植物生物学的确切功能和机制。硅在帮助植物适应生物胁迫方面的作用已经讨论过了，这将有助于有系统地规划未来更可持续的农业，以保障粮食安全和安全。
