Mai Yingping, Wu Yenchun Jim, Huang Yanni
Business School, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, China.
Graduate Institute of Global Business and Strategy, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Front Psychol. 2021 Jun 22;12:646145. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.646145. eCollection 2021.
In the face of the sudden outbreak of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), some students showed resilience in coping with difficulties while some did not. While different types of students showed different levels of resilience, are there significant characteristics among students with similar levels of resilience? In this study, 3,454 students (aged 15-25 years) were surveyed to understand students' perceived social support-coping modes while investigating the demographic characteristics and mental health status of subclasses of different modes. We found that (1) in the two subgroups of students with extremely low and low levels of perceived social support, the source of students' perceived social support did not have a clear orientation; in the two subgroups with moderate and high levels of perceived social support, the most perceived emotional support was from family and friends, while the least perceived support was companionship from teachers, classmates, and relatives, and problems related to the dependability of friends and communication with family. (2) The degree of social support perceived by students is directly proportional to the coping tendency, i.e., as the degree of perceived social support increases, the proportion of students adopting active coping strategies increases while that of students adopting negative coping strategies decreases; thus, we concluded that high levels of emotional support from family and friends can increase students' tendency of adopting positive strategies to cope with difficulties, while problems related to the dependability of friends and communication with family decrease students' tendency of adopting positive coping strategies. (3) Gender had a significant impact on the extremely low and low levels of perceived social support-negative coping tendencies; these subgroups accounted for 34.6% of the total students. Gender showed no significant influence on other subgroups, a school type had no impact on the distribution of the subgroups. (4) The higher the degree of perceived social support, the lower is the degree of students' general anxiety, and the lower is the degree of impact by the COVID-19 pandemic. The subdivision of student groups allows us to design more targeted support programmes for students with different psychological characteristics to help them alleviate stress during the COVID-19 epidemic.
面对2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的突然爆发，一些学生在应对困难时表现出了适应力，而一些学生则没有。虽然不同类型的学生表现出不同程度的适应力，但适应力水平相似的学生之间是否存在显著特征呢？在本研究中，对3454名年龄在15至25岁之间的学生进行了调查，以了解学生感知到的社会支持应对模式，同时调查不同模式子类别的人口统计学特征和心理健康状况。我们发现：（1）在感知社会支持水平极低和低的两个学生亚组中，学生感知到的社会支持来源没有明确的方向；在感知社会支持水平中等和高的两个亚组中，感知到的情感支持最多来自家人和朋友，而感知到最少的支持是来自教师、同学和亲属的陪伴，以及与朋友可靠性和与家人沟通相关的问题。（2）学生感知到的社会支持程度与应对倾向成正比，即随着感知社会支持程度的增加，采用积极应对策略的学生比例增加，而采用消极应对策略的学生比例下降；因此，我们得出结论，来自家人和朋友的高水平情感支持可以增加学生采用积极策略应对困难的倾向，而与朋友可靠性和与家人沟通相关的问题会降低学生采用积极应对策略的倾向。（3）性别对感知社会支持水平极低和低的消极应对倾向有显著影响；这些亚组占学生总数的34.6%。性别对其他亚组没有显著影响，学校类型对亚组分布没有影响。（4）感知社会支持程度越高，学生的一般焦虑程度越低，受COVID-19大流行的影响程度也越低。对学生群体进行细分，使我们能够为具有不同心理特征的学生设计更有针对性的支持方案，以帮助他们在COVID-19疫情期间减轻压力。
