Guang Claire, Lefkowitz Emmett, Dillman-Hasso Naseem, Brown Violet A, Strand Julia F
Carleton College, Department of Psychology.
Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences.
Audit Percept Cogn. 2020;3(3):158-167. doi: 10.1080/25742442.2021.1896908. Epub 2021 Mar 15.
The presence of masking noise can impair speech intelligibility and increase the attentional and cognitive resources necessary to understand speech. The first study to demonstrate the negative cognitive effects of noisy speech found that participants had poorer recall for aurally-presented digits early in a list when later digits were presented in noise relative to quiet (Rabbitt, 1968). However, despite being cited nearly 500 times and providing the foundation for a wealth of subsequent research on the topic, the original study has never been directly replicated.
This study replicated Rabbitt (1968) with a large online sample and tested its robustness to a variety of analytical and scoring techniques.
We replicated Rabbitt's key finding that listening to speech in noise impairs recall for items that came earlier in the list. The results were consistent when we used the original analytical technique (an ANOVA) and a more powerful analytical technique (generalized linear mixed effects models) that was not available when the original paper was published.
These findings support the claim that effortful listening can interfere with encoding or rehearsal of previously presented information.
掩蔽噪声的存在会损害言语可懂度，并增加理解言语所需的注意力和认知资源。第一项证明嘈杂言语具有负面认知效应的研究发现，当列表中靠后的数字以噪声而非安静环境呈现时，参与者对列表靠前位置以听觉呈现的数字的回忆较差（拉比特，1968年）。然而，尽管该原始研究被引用了近500次，并为该主题的大量后续研究奠定了基础，但它从未被直接复制过。
本研究使用大量在线样本复制了拉比特（1968年）的研究，并测试了其对各种分析和评分技术的稳健性。
我们复制了拉比特的关键发现，即在噪声环境中听言语会损害对列表中靠前呈现项目的回忆。当我们使用原始分析技术（方差分析）和一种更强大的分析技术（广义线性混合效应模型，原始论文发表时还没有这种技术）时，结果是一致的。
这些发现支持了这样一种观点，即费力倾听会干扰对先前呈现信息的编码或复述。
