Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2022 Feb;73:14-21. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.06.013. Epub 2021 Jul 9.
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD(P)H) is a metabolically interconnected redox cofactor serving as a hydride source for the majority of oxidoreductases, and consequently constituting a significant cost factor for bioprocessing. Much research has been devoted to the development of efficient, affordable, and sustainable methods for the regeneration of these cofactors through chemical, electrochemical, and photochemical approaches. However, the enzymatic approach using formate dehydrogenase is still the most abundantly employed in industrial applications, even though it suffers from system complexity and product purity issues. In this review, we summarize non-enzymatic and enzymatic electrochemical approaches for cofactor regeneration, then discuss recent developments to solve major issues. Issues discussed include Rh-catalyst mediated enzyme mutual inactivation, electron-transfer rates, catalyst sustainability, product selectivity and simplifying product purification. Recently reported remedies are discussed, such as heterogeneous metal catalysts generating H as the sole byproduct or high activity and stability redox-polymer immobilized enzymatic systems for sustainable organic synthesis.
烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NAD(P)H）是一种代谢上相互关联的氧化还原辅因子，作为大多数氧化还原酶的氢供体，因此构成了生物加工的重要成本因素。已经有大量研究致力于通过化学、电化学和光化学方法开发高效、经济实惠和可持续的这些辅因子再生方法。然而，使用甲酸脱氢酶的酶法仍然是工业应用中最广泛使用的方法，尽管它存在系统复杂性和产品纯度问题。在这篇综述中，我们总结了非酶和酶电化学辅因子再生方法，然后讨论了最近为解决主要问题所做的发展。讨论的问题包括 Rh 催化剂介导的酶相互失活、电子转移速率、催化剂可持续性、产物选择性和简化产物纯化。讨论了最近报道的补救措施，例如生成 H 作为唯一副产物的多相金属催化剂或具有高活性和稳定性的氧化还原聚合物固定化酶系统，用于可持续的有机合成。
