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根皮素,一种苹果植物抗毒素,通过干扰群体感应影响[具体对象未给出]的毒力和适应性。

Phloretin, an Apple Phytoalexin, Affects the Virulence and Fitness of by Interfering With Quorum-Sensing.

作者信息

Pun Manoj, Khazanov Netaly, Galsurker Ortal, Weitman Michal, Kerem Zohar, Senderowitz Hanoch, Yedidia Iris

机构信息

The Institute of Plant Sciences, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Rishon Lezion, Israel.

The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.

出版信息

Front Plant Sci. 2021 Jun 25;12:671807. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.671807. eCollection 2021.

Abstract

The effects of phloretin a phytoalexin from apple, was tested on (Pb1692), an emerging soft-rot pathogen of potato. Exposure of Pb1692 to 0.2 mM phloretin a concentration that does not affect growth, or to 0.4 mM a 50% growth inhibiting concentration (50% MIC), reduced motility, biofilm formation, secretion of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes, production of acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) signaling molecules and infection, phenotypes that are associated with bacterial population density-dependent system known as quorum sensing (QS). To analyze the effect of growth inhibition on QS, the activity of ciprofloxacin, an antibiotic that impairs cell division, was compared to that of phloretin at 50% MIC. Unlike phloretin, the antibiotic hardly affected the tested phenotypes. The use of DH5α, a QS-negative strain, transformed with an AHL synthase (ExpI) from Pb1692, allowed to validate direct inhibition of AHL production by phloretin, as demonstrated by two biosensor strains, (CV026) and (pSB401). Expression analysis of virulence-related genes revealed downregulation of QS-regulated genes (, , ), plant cell wall degrading enzymes genes ( and ) and motility genes ( and ) following exposure to both phloretin concentrations. The results support the inhibition of ExpI activity by phloretin. Docking simulations were used to predict the molecular associations between phloretin and the active site of ExpI, to suggest a likely mode of action for the compound's inhibition of virulence.

摘要

对苹果中的植物抗毒素根皮素对马铃薯新出现的软腐病原菌(Pb1692)的作用进行了测试。将Pb1692暴露于0.2 mM根皮素(不影响生长的浓度)或0.4 mM(50%生长抑制浓度,即50% MIC)下,会降低其运动性、生物膜形成、植物细胞壁降解酶的分泌、酰基高丝氨酸内酯(AHL)信号分子的产生以及感染能力,这些表型与被称为群体感应(QS)的细菌群体密度依赖性系统相关。为了分析生长抑制对群体感应的影响,将环丙沙星(一种损害细胞分裂的抗生素)在50% MIC时的活性与根皮素的活性进行了比较。与根皮素不同,该抗生素几乎不影响所测试的表型。使用经Pb1692的AHL合酶(ExpI)转化的QS阴性菌株DH5α,通过两种生物传感器菌株(CV026)和(pSB401)验证了根皮素对AHL产生的直接抑制作用。毒力相关基因的表达分析显示,在暴露于两种根皮素浓度后,QS调控基因(、、)、植物细胞壁降解酶基因(和)以及运动基因(和)均下调。结果支持根皮素对ExpI活性的抑制作用。对接模拟用于预测根皮素与ExpI活性位点之间的分子关联,以提示该化合物抑制毒力的可能作用模式。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/962a/8270676/be09afab052a/fpls-12-671807-g001.jpg

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