Kapoor Dhruv, Verma Neha, Gupta Neelima, Goyal Arun
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India.
Present Address: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Ward 25, Delhi, 110 095 India.
Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2022 Dec;74(Suppl 3):4571-4578. doi: 10.1007/s12070-021-02730-6. Epub 2021 Jul 7.
Persistent olfactory dysfunction (OD) is the second most common symptom of post coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) now being termed long-COVID. Its prevalence after recovery from COVID-19 is estimated to be 12% after nearly 6 months of follow-up. It thus becomes imperative for the treating clinicians to update themselves with the pathophysiology of this post COVID disability as well as the tools for diagnosis and the available treatment options. A systematic literature search was performed as per PRISMA guidelines in MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, LILACS, Google Scholar, and medRxiv databases. The keywords used were , , , , , and . All articles were studied for definition, mechanism, diagnostic tests and treatment options for post COVID OD. 33 published articles and 8 ongoing trials were found relevant and included after full-text review. SARS-CoV-2 can cause conductive, neural and central OD. Olfactory evaluation can be done both subjectively (visual analogue scale) and objectively (Sniffin' sticks, Sinonasal Outcome Test, University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test and modified Davidson's alcohol sniff test). They can be used to detect and follow-up patients. Despite several on-going clinical trials, the most reliable and advisable treatment option available till date is olfactory training.
持续性嗅觉功能障碍（OD）是新冠病毒病（COVID-19）后第二常见的症状，现被称为“长新冠”。在从COVID-19康复后，经过近6个月的随访，其患病率估计为12%。因此，治疗临床医生必须了解这种新冠后遗症的病理生理学、诊断工具和可用的治疗选择。按照PRISMA指南在MEDLINE、Cochrane图书馆、LILACS、谷歌学术和medRxiv数据库中进行了系统的文献检索。使用的关键词有 、 、 、 、 、 和 。对所有文章进行了关于新冠后OD的定义、机制、诊断测试和治疗选择的研究。经过全文审查，发现33篇已发表文章和8项正在进行的试验相关并纳入研究。严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）可导致传导性、神经性和中枢性OD。嗅觉评估可以主观地（视觉模拟量表）和客观地（嗅棒、鼻窦结局测试、宾夕法尼亚大学嗅觉识别测试和改良的戴维森酒精嗅觉测试）进行。它们可用于检测和随访患者。尽管有几项正在进行的临床试验，但迄今为止最可靠、最可取的治疗选择是嗅觉训练。
