Beneficial effects of a hypertonic solution for resuscitation in the presence of acute hemorrhage.

Crystalloid solutions such as Ringer's lactate have become the standard for initial volume replacement after hemorrhage. Although the relative merits of blood, colloid, and crystalloid have been extensively studied, little attention has been directed toward determining the optimal composition of the crystalloid solution. Based on the beneficial properties of hypertonic lactated saline solution in burn resuscitation, we have extended its use to acute hemorrhage. Using an awake canine model analogous to the clinical situation, we compared hypertonic lactated saline solution with Ringer's lactate solution for resuscitation in the presence of acute blood loss. The hypertonic lactated saline solution group required less fluid to restore and maintain cardiac output and blood pressure while maintaining better urine output. Although the Ringer's lactate solution group had increased shunt function indicative of pulmonary dysfunction, the shunt function in the hypertonic lactated saline solution group did not differ from that in the control group. Serum sodium and osmolality values were higher in the hypertonic lactated saline solution group, but at no time did they approach toxic levels.