Cardiovascular Health Metrics in Patients Hospitalized with an Acute Coronary Syndrome.

BACKGROUND

The Life's Simple 7 (LS7) is a guiding metric for primordial/primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. However, little is known about the prevalence and distribution of LS7 metrics in patients with an acute coronary syndrome at the time of hospitalization.

METHODS

Data were obtained from patients hospitalized for an acute coronary syndrome at 6 hospitals in Central Massachusetts and Georgia (2011-2013). The LS7 assessed patient's smoking, diet, and physical activity based on self-reported measures, and patients' body mass index, blood pressure, and serum cholesterol and glucose levels were abstracted from medical records. All items were operationalized into 3 categories: poor (0), intermediate (1), or ideal (2). A total summary cardiovascular health score (0-14) was obtained and categorized into tertiles (0-5, 6-7, and 8-14).

RESULTS

The average age of study participants (n = 1110) was 59.6 years and 35% were women. Cardiovascular health scores ranged from 0-12 (mean = 6.2). Patients with higher scores were older, white, had lower burden of comorbidities, had fewer symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress, better quality of life, more social support, and greater healthcare activation. One-third of patients had only 1 ideal cardiovascular health measure, less than 1% had 5, and no participant had more than 5 ideal factors.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results indicate that patients with acute coronary syndrome have poor cardiovascular health. Sociodemographic, clinical, and psychosocial characteristics differed across cardiovascular health groups. These findings highlight potential areas for educational and therapeutic interventions to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and promote cardiovascular health in adult men and women.