State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, PR China.
State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2021 Sep;176:113867. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113867. Epub 2021 Jul 17.
Prophylactic vaccines have evolved from traditional whole-cell vaccines to safer subunit vaccines. However, subunit vaccines still face problems, such as poor immunogenicity and low efficiency, while traditional adjuvants are usually unable to meet specific response needs. Advanced delivery vectors are important to overcome these barriers; they have favorable safety and effectiveness, tunable properties, precise location, and immunomodulatory capabilities. Nevertheless, there has been no systematic summary of the delivery systems to cover a wide range of infectious pathogens. We herein summarized and compared the delivery systems for major or epidemic infectious diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. We also included the newly licensed vaccines (e.g., COVID-19 vaccines) and those close to licensure. Furthermore, we highlighted advanced delivery systems with high efficiency, cross-protection, or long-term protection against epidemic pathogens, and we put forward prospects and thoughts on the development of future prophylactic vaccines.
预防性疫苗已经从传统的全细胞疫苗发展为更安全的亚单位疫苗。然而，亚单位疫苗仍然面临着免疫原性差、效率低等问题，而传统佐剂通常无法满足特定的反应需求。先进的递药系统对于克服这些障碍非常重要；它们具有良好的安全性和有效性、可调的特性、精确的定位和免疫调节能力。然而，目前还没有对涵盖广泛传染性病原体的递药系统进行系统总结。我们在此总结和比较了主要或流行传染病的递药系统，这些传染病由细菌、病毒、真菌和寄生虫引起。我们还包括了新获得许可的疫苗（例如，COVID-19 疫苗）和即将获得许可的疫苗。此外，我们强调了具有高效、交叉保护或针对流行病原体的长期保护作用的先进递药系统，并对未来预防性疫苗的发展提出了展望和思考。
