Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, 22100, Lund, Sweden.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2024 Oct;213:115419. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115419. Epub 2024 Aug 5.
RNA medicines represent a paradigm shift in treatment and prevention of critical diseases of global significance, e.g., infectious diseases. The highly successful messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were developed at record speed during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. A consequence of this is exceptionally shortened vaccine development times, which in combination with adaptability makes the RNA vaccine technology highly attractive against infectious diseases and for pandemic preparedness. Here, we review state of the art in the design and delivery of RNA vaccines for infectious diseases based on different RNA modalities, including linear mRNA, self-amplifying RNA, trans-amplifying RNA, and circular RNA. We provide an overview of the clinical pipeline of RNA vaccines for infectious diseases, and present analytical procedures, which are paramount for characterizing quality attributes and guaranteeing their quality, and we discuss future perspectives for using RNA vaccines to combat pathogens beyond SARS-CoV-2.
RNA 药物代表了治疗和预防具有全球意义的重大疾病（例如传染病）的治疗模式的转变。在 2019 年冠状病毒病大流行期间，针对严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）的高度成功的信使 RNA（mRNA）疫苗以创纪录的速度开发。由此产生的一个结果是疫苗开发时间异常缩短，再加上适应性，使得 RNA 疫苗技术在对抗传染病和大流行防范方面极具吸引力。在这里，我们根据不同的 RNA 模式（包括线性 mRNA、自我扩增 RNA、转扩增 RNA 和环状 RNA），综述了用于传染病的 RNA 疫苗的设计和递送的最新进展。我们概述了用于传染病的 RNA 疫苗的临床流水线，并介绍了分析程序，这些程序对于表征质量属性和保证质量至关重要，我们还讨论了利用 RNA 疫苗对抗 SARS-CoV-2 以外的病原体的未来展望。
