Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW, Australia.
Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Department. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA.
J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2021 Oct;122:104669. doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104669. Epub 2021 Jun 29.
Over the past decades, electronics have become central to many aspects of biomedicine and wearable device technologies as a promising personalized healthcare platform. Lead-free piezoelectric materials for converting mechanical into electrical energy through piezoelectric transduction are of significant value in a diverse range of technological applications. Organic piezoelectric biomaterials have attracted widespread attention as the functional materials in the biomedical devices due to their advantages of excellent biocompatibility. They include synthetic and biological polymers. Many biopolymers have been discovered to possess piezoelectricity in an appreciable amount, however their investigation is still preliminary. Due to their piezoelectric properties, better known synthetic fluorinated polymers have been intensively investigated and applied in biomedical applications including controlled drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, microfluidic and artificial muscle actuators, among others. Piezoelectric polymers, especially poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and its copolymers are increasingly receiving interest as smart biomaterials due to their ability to convert physiological movements to electrical signals when in a controllable and reproducible manner. Despite possessing the greatest piezoelectric coefficients among all piezoelectric polymers, it is often desirable to increase the electrical outputs. The most promising routes toward significant improvements in the piezoelectric response and energy-harvesting performance of such materials is loading them with various inorganic nanofillers and/or applying some modification during the fabrication process. This paper offers a comprehensive review of the principles, properties, and applications of organic piezoelectric biomaterials (polymers and polymer/ceramic composites) with special attention on PVDF-based polymers and their composites in sensors, drug delivery and tissue engineering. Subsequently focuses on the most common fabrication routes to produce piezoelectric scaffolds, tissue and sensors which is electrospinning process. Promising upcoming strategies and new piezoelectric materials and fabrication techniques for these applications are presented to enable a future integration among these applications.
在过去的几十年中，电子产品已成为生物医学和可穿戴设备技术的核心，作为一种有前途的个性化医疗保健平台。用于通过压电转换将机械能转换为电能的无铅压电材料在各种技术应用中具有重要价值。有机压电生物材料因其出色的生物相容性而作为生物医学设备中的功能材料引起了广泛关注。它们包括合成聚合物和生物聚合物。已经发现许多生物聚合物具有可观的压电性，但是它们的研究仍处于初步阶段。由于其压电特性，更好的已知合成含氟聚合物已被广泛研究并应用于生物医学应用，包括控制药物释放系统，组织工程，微流控和人造肌肉致动器等。压电聚合物，尤其是聚（偏二氟乙烯）（PVDF）及其共聚物，由于其能够以可控和可重复的方式将生理运动转换为电信号，因此作为智能生物材料越来越受到关注。尽管在所有压电聚合物中具有最大的压电系数，但通常希望增加电输出。提高此类材料的压电响应和能量收集性能的最有前途的方法是用各种无机纳米填料对其进行负载，或者在制造过程中进行某些改性。本文全面综述了有机压电生物材料（聚合物和聚合物/陶瓷复合材料）的原理，性质和应用，特别关注基于 PVDF 的聚合物及其在传感器，药物输送和组织工程中的复合材料。随后，重点介绍了用于生产压电支架，组织和传感器的最常见制造方法，即静电纺丝工艺。提出了有前途的即将到来的策略和新的压电材料和制造技术，以实现这些应用之间的未来集成。
