Experimental Economics Group, Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, Bonn, Germany.
Leiden University, Social, Economic and Organizational Psychology, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Nat Commun. 2021 Jul 22;12(1):4456. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-24787-1.
Cooperation within and across borders is of paramount importance for the provision of public goods. Parochialism - the tendency to cooperate more with ingroup than outgroup members - limits contributions to global public goods. National parochialism (i.e., greater cooperation among members of the same nation) could vary across nations and has been hypothesized to be associated with rule of law, exposure to world religions, relational mobility and pathogen stress. We conduct an experiment in participants from 42 nations (N = 18,411), and observe cooperation in a prisoner's dilemma with ingroup, outgroup, and unidentified partners. We observe that national parochialism is a ubiquitous phenomenon: it is present to a similar degree across the nations studied here, is independent of cultural distance, and occurs both when decisions are private or public. These findings inform existing theories of parochialism and suggest it may be an obstacle to the provision of global public goods.
跨国界和跨境合作对于提供公共产品至关重要。 狭隘主义 - 与内群体成员比与外群体成员更倾向于合作的倾向 - 限制了对全球公共产品的贡献。 国家狭隘主义（即同一国家成员之间的合作增加）可能因国家而异，并与法治、接触世界宗教、关系流动性和病原体压力有关。 我们在来自 42 个国家的参与者中进行了一项实验（N=18411），并观察了在囚徒困境中与内群体、外群体和身份不明的伙伴的合作。 我们观察到国家狭隘主义是一种普遍存在的现象：它在研究中的国家中具有相似的程度，独立于文化距离，并且在决策是私人的还是公开的情况下都会发生。 这些发现为狭隘主义的现有理论提供了信息，并表明它可能是提供全球公共产品的障碍。
