Bonduelle Sam Luc Bart, Chen Qinyuan, Wu Guo-Rong, Braet Caroline, De Raedt Rudi, Baeken Chris
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, UZ Brussel/Vrije Universiteit Brussel-VUB (Free University of Brussels), Brussels, Belgium.
Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Department of Head and Skin, UZ Gent/Universiteit Gent, Ghent, Belgium.
Front Psychiatry. 2021 Jul 6;12:673805. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.673805. eCollection 2021.
Frequent exposure to criticism is a known risk factor for various adult psychiatric disorders. Adolescents may be even more vulnerable to (parental) criticism, as their imbalanced brain maturation makes them prone to stronger mood changes and less effective emotional regulation. Identifying which adolescent subgroups are more vulnerable than others could be of great clinical relevance. Perceived criticism (PC) and self-criticism (SC), two related but distinct traits, could well be crucial vulnerability factors. After exposure to criticism during fMRI scanning, rapid changes in amygdalar functional connectivity (FC) with other brain areas involved in emotion regulation and social cognitive processing will occur. These changes will depend on trait moderators, such as the adolescents' proneness to (a) perceive others as critical of them (PC) or (b) perceive themselves positively or negatively (SC). Sixty-four healthy 14-17-year-olds were exposed to a series of auditory comments. Changes in mood states were assessed based on the Profile of Mood States (POMS) prior to and after exposure to these segments. Pre- and post-experiment FC of the left and right amygdalae with other brain areas were also measured. Correlates between FC changes and psychometric measures-including the perceived criticism measure (PCM) and self-perception profile for adolescents (SPPA)-were assessed. First, after being criticized, FC increases of the left amygdala seed region with brain areas related to sustained emotional processing were found, but no right amygdalar FC changes. Second, there was a significant positive partial correlation between individual PCM scores and FC changes between the left amygdala seed region and the left precuneus and left superior parietal cortex, both part of the default mode network. Exposure to criticism resulted in a rapid negative mood change accompanied by an increase in FC between the left amygdala and regions known to be involved in sustained emotional processing, but no right amygdalar FC changes. Furthermore, higher PC but not SC was correlated with stronger left amygdalar FC increases with these regions, suggesting an elevated vulnerability for disturbed emotional processing, as observed in mood disorders, in healthy adolescents with higher PCM scores.
经常受到批评是各种成人精神疾病的已知风险因素。青少年可能更容易受到（父母的）批评，因为他们大脑发育不平衡，容易出现更强烈的情绪变化，情绪调节能力也较差。确定哪些青少年亚组比其他亚组更脆弱可能具有重要的临床意义。感知批评（PC）和自我批评（SC）是两个相关但不同的特质，很可能是关键的脆弱性因素。在功能磁共振成像（fMRI）扫描期间受到批评后，杏仁核与其他参与情绪调节和社会认知处理的脑区之间的功能连接（FC）会迅速发生变化。这些变化将取决于特质调节因素，例如青少年（a）将他人视为对自己批评的倾向（PC）或（b）对自己的积极或消极认知（SC）。64名14 - 17岁的健康青少年接触了一系列听觉评论。根据情绪状态剖面图（POMS）在接触这些片段之前和之后评估情绪状态的变化。还测量了左右杏仁核与其他脑区在实验前后的FC。评估了FC变化与心理测量指标之间的相关性，包括感知批评测量指标（PCM）和青少年自我认知剖面图（SPPA）。首先，受到批评后，发现左侧杏仁核种子区域与参与持续情绪处理的脑区之间的FC增加，但右侧杏仁核FC没有变化。其次，个体PCM分数与左侧杏仁核种子区域与左侧楔前叶和左侧顶上叶皮质（均为默认模式网络的一部分）之间的FC变化之间存在显著的正偏相关。接触批评导致情绪迅速负面变化，同时左侧杏仁核与已知参与持续情绪处理的区域之间的FC增加，但右侧杏仁核FC没有变化。此外，较高的PC而不是SC与这些区域更强的左侧杏仁核FC增加相关，这表明在PCM分数较高的健康青少年中，如在情绪障碍中观察到的那样，情绪处理受干扰的脆弱性增加。
