Pastuszak Jakub, Szczerba Anna, Dziurka Michał, Hornyák Marta, Kopeć Przemysław, Szklarczyk Marek, Płażek Agnieszka
Department of Plant Breeding, Physiology and Seed Science, University of Agriculture, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Kraków, Poland.
Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jul 11;22(14):7433. doi: 10.3390/ijms22147433.
is a worldwide, soil-borne plant pathogen. It causes diseases of cereals, reduces their yield, and fills the grain with toxins. The main direction of modern breeding is to select wheat genotypes the most resistant to diseases. This study uses seedlings and plants at the anthesis stage to analyze total soluble carbohydrates, total and cell-wall bound phenolics, chlorophyll content, antioxidant activity, hydrogen peroxide content, mycotoxin accumulation, visual symptoms of the disease, and Fusarium head blight index (FHBi). These results determine the resistance of three durum wheat accessions. We identify physiological or biochemical markers of durum wheat resistance to . Our results confirm correlations between FHBi and mycotoxin accumulation in the grain, which results in grain yield decrease. The degree of spike infection (FHBi) may indicate accumulation mainly of deoxynivalenol and nivalenol in the grain. High catalase activity in the infected leaves could be considered a biochemical marker of durum sensitivity to this fungus. These findings allowed us to formulate a strategy for rapid evaluation of the disease severity and the selection of plants with higher level, or resistance to infection.
是一种世界性的土传植物病原体。它会引发谷物病害，降低谷物产量，并使谷粒含有毒素。现代育种的主要方向是选择对病害最具抗性的小麦基因型。本研究使用幼苗和花期植株来分析总可溶性碳水化合物、总酚和细胞壁结合酚、叶绿素含量、抗氧化活性、过氧化氢含量、霉菌毒素积累、病害的视觉症状以及镰刀菌穗腐病指数（FHBi）。这些结果确定了三个硬粒小麦种质的抗性。我们鉴定了硬粒小麦对……抗性的生理或生化标记。我们的结果证实了FHBi与谷粒中霉菌毒素积累之间的相关性，这导致了谷物产量下降。穗部感染程度（FHBi）可能表明谷粒中主要积累脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和雪腐镰刀菌烯醇。受感染叶片中过氧化氢酶的高活性可被视为硬粒小麦对这种真菌敏感性的生化标记。这些发现使我们能够制定一种快速评估病害严重程度以及选择对……感染具有更高抗性水平植株的策略。
