Genome-Wide Analysis of Genes in Unveiling the Antagonistic Functions of in Flowering Time.

Dendrobium is a semi-shade epiphytic Orchidaceae herb with important ornamental and medicinal value. Parts of the cultivation of Dendrobium germplasm resources, as well as the identification of medicinal components, are more studied, but the functional characterization of the flowering regulation in Dendrobium plants is less reported. Here, six PEBP family genes (, and ) were identified from the genome. The chromosome-level mapping showed that these genes were sequentially distributed on chromosomes 6, 9, 15, and 17. The paralogous gene corresponded to , which was determined through tandem duplication. The gene structure and conserved motif of indicated five PEBP genes apart from contained four exons and three introns entirely. The phylogeny analysis showed that the PEBP gene family in , and were classified into three subclades, FT, TFL, and MFT, which maintained a high homology with . The conserved domain of the amino acid demonstrated that two highly conserved short motifs (DPDXP and GXHR) embed in DhPEBPs, which may contribute to the conformation of the ligand binding bag. The 86th position of DhFTs was tyrosine (Y), while the 83th and 87th of DhTFL1s belonged to histidine (H), suggesting they should have distinct functions in flowering regulation. The promoter of six contained several -elements related to hormone induction, light response, and abiotic stress, which indicated they could be regulated by the environmental stress and endogenous signaling pathways. The qRT-PCR analysis of in short-term days induced by GA indicated the gene expressions of all were gradually increased, whereas the expression of was decreased. The results implied that DhPEBPs have various regulatory functions in modulating flowering, which will provide a scientific reference for the flowering regulation of Dendrobium plants.