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使用流式细胞术对抗体非特异性相互作用进行高灵敏度检测。

Highly sensitive detection of antibody nonspecific interactions using flow cytometry.

作者信息

Makowski Emily K, Wu Lina, Desai Alec A, Tessier Peter M

机构信息

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan.

Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan.

出版信息

MAbs. 2021 Jan-Dec;13(1):1951426. doi: 10.1080/19420862.2021.1951426.

Abstract

The rapidly evolving nature of antibody drug development has resulted in technologies that generate vast numbers (hundreds to thousands) of lead antibody candidates during early discovery. These candidates must be rapidly pared down to identify the most drug-like candidates for in-depth analysis of their safety and efficacy, which can only be performed on a limited number of antibodies due to time and resource requirements. One key biophysical property of successful antibody therapeutics is high specificity, defined as low levels of nonspecific binding or polyspecificity. Although there has been some progress in developing assays for detecting antibody polyspecificity, most of these assays are limited by poor sensitivity or assay formats that require proprietary antibody surface display methods, and some of these assays use complex and poorly defined polyspecificity reagents. Here we report the PolySpecificity Particle (PSP) assay, a sensitive flow cytometry assay for evaluating antibody nonspecific interactions that overcomes previous limitations and can be used for evaluating diverse types of IgGs, multispecific antibodies and Fc-fusion proteins. Our approach uses micron-sized magnetic beads coated with Protein A to capture antibodies at extremely dilute concentrations (<0.02 mg/mL). Flow cytometry analysis of polyspecificity reagent binding to these conjugates results in sensitive detection of differences in nonspecific interactions for clinical-stage antibodies. Our PSP assay strongly discriminates between antibodies with different levels of polyspecificity using previously reported polyspecificity reagents that are either well-defined proteins or highly complex protein mixtures. Moreover, we also find that a unique reagent, namely ovalbumin, results in the best assay sensitivity and specificity. Importantly, our assay is much more sensitive than standard assays such as ELISAs. We expect that our simple, sensitive, and high-throughput PSP assay will accelerate the development of safe and effective antibody therapeutics.

摘要

抗体药物研发的快速发展催生了一些技术,这些技术在早期发现阶段能够产生大量(数百至数千个)潜在抗体候选物。必须迅速减少这些候选物的数量,以确定最具药物特性的候选物,以便对其安全性和有效性进行深入分析。由于时间和资源的限制,只能对有限数量的抗体进行这种分析。成功的抗体疗法的一个关键生物物理特性是高特异性,即低水平的非特异性结合或多特异性。尽管在开发检测抗体多特异性的分析方法方面已经取得了一些进展,但大多数这些方法都受到灵敏度低或检测形式的限制,这些检测形式需要专有的抗体表面展示方法,而且其中一些方法使用复杂且定义不明确的多特异性试剂。在这里,我们报告了多特异性颗粒(PSP)分析方法,这是一种用于评估抗体非特异性相互作用的灵敏流式细胞术分析方法,它克服了以往的局限性,可用于评估多种类型的免疫球蛋白、多特异性抗体和Fc融合蛋白。我们的方法使用包被有蛋白A的微米级磁珠,以极低的浓度(<0.02 mg/mL)捕获抗体。通过流式细胞术分析多特异性试剂与这些偶联物的结合情况,能够灵敏地检测临床阶段抗体非特异性相互作用的差异。我们的PSP分析方法使用先前报道的多特异性试剂(明确定义的蛋白质或高度复杂的蛋白质混合物),能够强烈区分具有不同多特异性水平的抗体。此外,我们还发现一种独特的试剂,即卵清蛋白,能产生最佳的分析灵敏度和特异性。重要的是,我们的分析方法比酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)等标准分析方法灵敏得多。我们预计,我们这种简单、灵敏且高通量的PSP分析方法将加速安全有效的抗体疗法的研发。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f38b/8317921/0507ab45dfb7/KMAB_A_1951426_F0001_OC.jpg

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