Nursing Department, Hope College, Holland, Michigan, USA.
School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Breastfeed Med. 2022 Jan;17(1):46-51. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2021.0046. Epub 2021 Jul 28.
Human milk (HM) sodium (Na) and potassium (K) concentrations, as well as the Na and K ratio (Na:K), are associated with stages of lactation and breast health. Portable point-of-care instruments to measure HM biomarkers related to secretory activation or tight junction disturbances would supply clinicians immediate information for individualized lactation care. This study compared HM concentrations of Na and K and Na:K measured by a biochemist with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and measured by a clinician with ion-selective electrode probes (ISEPs). HM samples ( = 92) were participant collected and donated on day 10 postpartum through a convenience sample of breastfeeding women in West Michigan. Na and K concentrations were determined using ICP-OES and ISEPs. Bland-Altman plots, paired sample t-test, and logistic regressions were completed using R 3.4.4 and R Studio 1.2.1335 with package Lattice. Na concentrations were not significantly different with ICP-OES (13.0 ± 14.8 mM) and ISEPs (12.6 ± 13.7 mM, = 0.06), whereas K concentrations (ICP-OES 16.1 ± 1.9 mM, ISEPs 14.4 ± 2.4 mM, < 0.001) and Na:K (ICP-OES 0.81 ± 0.92, ISEPs 1.01 ± 1.62, = 0.011) were significantly different. Between both methods, the Na, K, and Na: K linear relationships were statistically significant. With additional longitudinal and clinical usefulness research clinicians could use ISEPs to collect and interpret relevant lactation data to support individualized lactation interventions.
人乳（HM）中的钠（Na）和钾（K）浓度，以及 Na 和 K 的比值（Na:K），与人乳分泌激活或紧密连接障碍的哺乳期阶段和乳房健康有关。便携式即时检测仪器可测量与分泌激活或紧密连接障碍相关的 HM 生物标志物，为临床医生提供即时的个体化母乳喂养护理信息。本研究比较了通过生化仪使用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-OES）测量和临床医生使用离子选择性电极探头（ISEPs）测量的 HM 中 Na 和 K 浓度及 Na:K 的差异。HM 样本（ = 92）是通过在密歇根州西部的母乳喂养女性中进行便利抽样收集的产后第 10 天的参与者捐赠样本。使用 ICP-OES 和 ISEPs 测定 Na 和 K 浓度。使用 R 3.4.4 和 R Studio 1.2.1335 及其包 Lattice 完成 Bland-Altman 图、配对样本 t 检验和逻辑回归。ICP-OES（13.0 ± 14.8 mM）和 ISEPs（12.6 ± 13.7 mM， = 0.06）的 Na 浓度无显著差异，而 K 浓度（ICP-OES 为 16.1 ± 1.9 mM，ISEPs 为 14.4 ± 2.4 mM， < 0.001）和 Na:K（ICP-OES 为 0.81 ± 0.92，ISEPs 为 1.01 ± 1.62， = 0.011）有显著差异。两种方法之间，Na、K 和 Na:K 的线性关系具有统计学意义。随着更多的纵向和临床应用研究，临床医生可以使用 ISEPs 来收集和解释相关的母乳喂养数据，以支持个体化的母乳喂养干预。
