Steven Blaire, Hyde Josephine, LaReau Jacquelyn C, Brackney Doug E
Department of Environmental Sciences, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, United States.
Center for Vector Biology and Zoonotic Diseases, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, United States.
Front Microbiol. 2021 Jul 12;12:714222. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.714222. eCollection 2021.
The increasing availability of modern research tools has enabled a revolution in studies of non-model organisms. Yet, one aspect that remains difficult or impossible to control in many model and most non-model organisms is the presence and composition of the host-associated microbiota or the microbiome. In this review, we explore the development of axenic (microbe-free) mosquito models and what these systems reveal about the role of the microbiome in mosquito biology. Additionally, the axenic host is a blank template on which a microbiome of known composition can be introduced, also known as a gnotobiotic organism. Finally, we identify a "most wanted" list of common mosquito microbiome members that show the greatest potential to influence host phenotypes. We propose that these are high-value targets to be employed in future gnotobiotic studies. The use of axenic and gnotobiotic organisms will transition the microbiome into another experimental variable that can be manipulated and controlled. Through these efforts, the mosquito will be a true model for examining host microbiome interactions.
现代研究工具日益普及，推动了非模式生物研究的一场革命。然而，在许多模式生物和大多数非模式生物中，有一个方面仍然难以或无法控制，即宿主相关微生物群或微生物组的存在和组成。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了无菌（无微生物）蚊子模型的发展，以及这些系统揭示的微生物组在蚊子生物学中的作用。此外，无菌宿主是一个空白模板，可以在其上引入已知组成的微生物组，也就是所谓的悉生生物。最后，我们列出了一份“最受关注”的常见蚊子微生物组成员名单，这些成员显示出对宿主表型影响潜力最大。我们认为，这些是未来悉生生物研究中值得采用的高价值目标。无菌和悉生生物的使用将把微生物组转变为另一个可以操纵和控制的实验变量。通过这些努力，蚊子将成为研究宿主与微生物组相互作用的真正模型。
