St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, and the Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
Cytokine. 2021 Oct;146:155655. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155655. Epub 2021 Jul 28.
The IL-6 family of cytokines comprises a large group of cytokines that all act via the formation of a signaling complex that includes the glycoprotein 130 (gp130) receptor. Despite this, many of these cytokines have unique roles that regulate the activity of bone forming osteoblasts, bone resorbing osteoclasts, bone-resident osteocytes, and cartilage cells (chondrocytes). These include specific functions in craniofacial development, longitudinal bone growth, and the maintenance of trabecular and cortical bone structure, and have been implicated in musculoskeletal pathologies such as craniosynostosis, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and heterotopic ossifications. This review will work systematically through each member of this family and provide an overview and an update on the expression patterns and functions of each of these cytokines in the skeleton, as well as their negative feedback pathways, particularly suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3). The specific cytokines described are interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 11 (IL-11), oncostatin M (OSM), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), cardiotrophin 1 (CT-1), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1 (CLCF1), neuropoietin, humanin and interleukin 27 (IL-27).
白细胞介素 6（IL-6）家族的细胞因子包括一大组细胞因子，它们都通过形成包括糖蛋白 130（gp130）受体的信号复合物来发挥作用。尽管如此，许多这些细胞因子具有独特的作用，调节骨形成成骨细胞、骨吸收破骨细胞、骨驻留骨细胞和软骨细胞（软骨细胞）的活性。这些功能包括在颅面发育、长骨生长以及小梁骨和皮质骨结构的维持中的特定功能，并且与骨骼肌肉病理学有关，例如颅缝早闭、骨质疏松症、类风湿关节炎、骨关节炎和异位骨化。这篇综述将系统地研究该家族的每一个成员，并概述和更新这些细胞因子在骨骼中的表达模式和功能，以及它们的负反馈途径，特别是细胞因子信号转导抑制因子 3（SOCS3）。所描述的特定细胞因子有白细胞介素 6（IL-6）、白细胞介素 11（IL-11）、肿瘤坏死因子 M（OSM）、白血病抑制因子（LIF）、心脏营养素 1（CT-1）、睫状神经营养因子（CNTF）、心脏营养素样细胞因子因子 1（CLCF1）、神经肽、人源素和白细胞介素 27（IL-27）。
