Vasudev Shwetha, More Veena S, Ananthraju K S, More Sunil S
School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Kumara Swamy Layout, Bangalore 560 078, India.
Department of Biotechnology, Sapthagiri College of Engineering, Bangalore-57, India.
J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2021 Jul-Sep;12(3):458-464. doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2021.04.006. Epub 2021 Jul 30.
Venomous snake bites cause acute medical emergencies and are fatal. India accounts for large proportion of snake-bite deaths globally. Medically important 'BIG FOUR' snakes of India are Bungarus caeruleus (krait), Naja naja (cobra), Echis carinatus (saw-scaled viper) and Daboia russelii (Russell's viper). Polyherbal formulations have been proved to be effective in treatment of diseases than a single formulation.
OBJECTIVE(S): To evaluate aqueous ethanolic extract cocktail of Azadirachata indica, Butea monosperma, Citrus limon, Clerodendrum serratum and Areca catechu for antidote potential against BIG FOUR venoms in ex vivo and in vivo model.
Anti-hemorrhagic and venom neutralization studies were performed in seven-day old chick embryo model for ex vivo studies. In vivo studies were performed using male Swiss albino mice for antivenom potential of herbal cocktail by performing anti-edematic, anti-hemorrhagic, anti-myotoxic activity, and venom neutralization.
Herbal cocktail exhibited differential venom inhibition potential against four venoms tested. Hemorrhagic activity was completely neutralized by the herbal cocktail; myotoxic activities of krait and Russell's viper venom were neutralized; while anti-edematic activity was observed for krait and cobra venom. Herbal cocktail completely neutralized venom lethality (3∗LD) of krait and saw-scaled viper venom.
Inhibitions of various venom components of all four venoms suggests presence of phytochemicals in herbal cocktail with therapeutic properties. Further studies would help in the development of a formulation as a first-aid towards treatment of snake bite victims.
毒蛇咬伤会引发急性医疗紧急情况并可能致命。在全球范围内，印度的蛇咬伤致死病例占很大比例。印度具有医学重要性的“四大”毒蛇为印度金环蛇（金环蛇）、眼镜蛇（眼镜蛇）、锯鳞蝰（锯鳞蝰蛇）和罗素蝰蛇（罗素蝰蛇）。已证明多草药配方在治疗疾病方面比单一配方更有效。
在体外和体内模型中评估印楝、紫铆、柠檬、大青、槟榔的乙醇水提取物混合物对“四大”毒蛇毒液的解毒潜力。
在7日龄鸡胚模型中进行体外抗出血和毒液中和研究。体内研究使用雄性瑞士白化小鼠，通过进行抗水肿、抗出血、抗肌毒性活性和毒液中和来评估草药混合物的抗蛇毒潜力。
草药混合物对所测试的四种毒液表现出不同的毒液抑制潜力。草药混合物完全中和了出血活性；金环蛇和罗素蝰蛇毒液的肌毒性活性被中和；而对金环蛇和眼镜蛇毒液观察到抗水肿活性。草药混合物完全中和了金环蛇和锯鳞蝰蛇毒液的致死毒性（3倍LD）。
对所有四种毒液各种毒液成分的抑制表明草药混合物中存在具有治疗特性的植物化学物质。进一步的研究将有助于开发一种作为蛇咬伤受害者急救治疗的配方。
