School of Geographic Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
Front Public Health. 2021 Jul 16;9:615152. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.615152. eCollection 2021.
Human death and life span are closely related to the geographical environment and regional lifestyle. These factors considerably vary among counties and regions, leading to the geographical disparity of disease. Quantitative studies on this phenomenon are insufficient. Cerebrovascular and heart diseases are the leading causes of death. The mortality rate of cerebrovascular and heart diseases is statistically higher in northern China than in southern China; the -value of -test for cerebrovascular and heart diseases was 0.047 and 0.000, respectively. The population attribution fraction of 12 major risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in each province was calculated based on their exposure and relative risk. The results found that residents in northern China consume high sodium-containing food, fewer vegetables, and less sea food products, and tend to be overweight. Fine particulate matter is higher in northern China than in southern China. Cold temperatures also cause a greater number of deaths than hot temperatures. All these factors have resulted in a higher CVD mortality rate in northern China. The attributive differential for sodium, vegetable, fruit, smoking, PM, omega-3, obesity, low temperature, and high temperature of heart disease between the two parts of China is 9.1, 0.7, -2.5, 0.1, 1.4, 1.3, 2.0, 4.7, and -2.1%, respectively. Furthermore, the attributive differential for the above factors of cerebrovascular disease between the two parts of China is 8.7, 0.0, -5.2, 0.1, 1.0, 0.0, 2.4, 4.7, and -2.1%. Diet high in sodium is the leading cause of the north-south differential in CVD, resulting in 0.71 less years of life expectancy in northern compared with that in southern China.
人类的死亡和寿命与地理环境和区域生活方式密切相关。这些因素在国家和地区之间存在很大差异，导致疾病的地理差异。对这种现象的定量研究还不够。脑血管病和心脏病是主要的死亡原因。中国北方脑血管病和心脏病的死亡率明显高于南方，脑血管病和心脏病的检验值分别为 0.047 和 0.000。根据暴露和相对风险，计算了每个省份 12 种主要心血管疾病（CVD）危险因素的人群归因分数。结果发现，中国北方居民摄入高钠食物、蔬菜和海产品较少，体重偏重。中国北方的细颗粒物比南方高。低温导致的死亡人数也多于高温。所有这些因素导致中国北方 CVD 死亡率较高。中国南北两部分心脏病归因于钠、蔬菜、水果、吸烟、PM、ω-3、肥胖、低温和高温的差异分别为 9.1%、0.7%、-2.5%、0.1%、1.4%、1.3%、2.0%、4.7%和-2.1%。此外，中国南北两部分脑血管病归因于上述因素的差异分别为 8.7%、0.0%、-5.2%、0.1%、1.0%、0.0%、2.4%、4.7%和-2.1%。高钠饮食是南北 CVD 差异的主要原因，导致中国北方比南方少 0.71 岁的预期寿命。
