Research Group on Implementation and Integration of Clinical Pharmacy Services in Brazilian Health System (SUS), Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Federal University of Espírito Santo, ES, Alegre, Brazil.
Health Sciences Graduate Program, Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Social Pharmacy (LEPFS), Federal University of Sergipe, SE, São Cristóvão, Brazil.
BMC Health Serv Res. 2021 Aug 2;21(1):764. doi: 10.1186/s12913-021-06770-0.
Drug dispensing is a clinical pharmacy service that promotes access to medicines and their rational use. However, there is a lack of evidence for the impact of drug dispensing on patients' health outcomes. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the influence of drug dispensing on the clinical, humanistic, and economic outcomes of patients attending community pharmacies.
A systematic literature search was performed in April 2021 using PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, LILACS, and Open Thesis. Two reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and full-text articles according to the eligibility criteria. Methodological quality was assessed using tools from the Joanna Briggs Institute, and the literature was synthesized narratively.
We retrieved 3,685 articles and included nine studies that presented 13 different outcomes. Regarding the design, they were cross-sectional (n = 4), randomized clinical trials (n = 4), and quasi-experimental (n = 1). A positive influence of drug dispensing on health outcomes was demonstrated through six clinical, four humanistic and three economic outcomes. Eight studies (88,9 %) used intermediate outcomes. The assessment of methodological quality was characterized by a lack of clarity and/or lack of information in primary studies.
Most articles included in this review reported a positive influence of drug dispensing performed by community pharmacists on patients' health outcomes. The findings of this study may be of interest to patients, pharmacists, decision makers, and healthcare systems, since they may contribute to evidence-based decision-making, strengthening the contribution of community pharmacists to health care.
Registration: PROSPERO CRD42020191701 .
发药是一项促进药物获取和合理使用的临床药学服务。然而，发药对患者健康结果的影响缺乏证据。因此，本研究旨在评估发药对社区药房患者的临床、人文和经济结果的影响。
2021 年 4 月，我们使用 PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane 图书馆、LILACS 和 OpenThesis 进行了系统的文献检索。两名评审员根据入选标准筛选标题、摘要和全文文章。使用 Joanna Briggs 研究所的工具评估方法学质量，并进行叙述性综合。
我们检索到 3685 篇文章，纳入了 9 项研究，这些研究共呈现了 13 种不同的结果。就设计而言，它们是横断面研究（n=4）、随机临床试验（n=4）和准实验研究（n=1）。发药对健康结果的积极影响通过 6 项临床、4 项人文和 3 项经济结果得到了证明。8 项研究（88.9%）使用了中间结果。对方法学质量的评估特点是主要研究中缺乏清晰度和/或缺乏信息。
本综述中纳入的大多数文章报告了社区药剂师发药对患者健康结果的积极影响。本研究的结果可能对患者、药剂师、决策者和医疗保健系统有兴趣，因为它们可能有助于基于证据的决策，加强社区药剂师对医疗保健的贡献。
PROSPERO CRD42020191701。
