沙特阿拉伯儿童和青少年与 COVID-19 相关的创伤后应激障碍。
COVID-19 related posttraumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents in Saudi Arabia.
机构信息
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2021 Aug 4;16(8):e0255440. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255440. eCollection 2021.
INTRODUCTION
The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in quarantine/lockdown measures in most countries. Quarantine may create intense psychological problems including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) especially for the vulnerable critically developing children/adolescents. Few studies evaluated PTSD associated with infectious disasters but no Saudi study investigated PTSD associated with COVID-19 in children/adolescents. This study was undertaken to screen for PTSD in children/adolescent in Saudi Arabia to identify its prevalence/risk factors during COVID-19 pandemic and its quarantine.
METHODS
A cross-sectional survey was conducted after 2 months form start of quarantine for COVID-19 pandemic utilizing the original English version and an Arabic translated version for the University of California at Los Angeles Brief COVID-19 Screen for Child/Adolescent PTSD that can be parent-reported or self-completed by older children/adolescents. Participants (Saudi citizens/non-Saudi residents) were approached online via social media.
RESULTS
Five hundred and thirty seven participants were enrolled. The participants were 262 boys and 275 girls with a mean age of 12.25±3.77 years. Symptoms of no, minimal, mild and potential PTSD were identified in 15.5%, 44.1%, 27.4% and 13.0% of children/adolescents, respectively. The age, gender, school grade, and residence were not predictive of PTSD symptoms. Univariate analysis of risk factors for PTSD revealed that work of a close relative around people who might be infected was significantly different between groups of PTSD symptoms, but this difference disappeared during multivariate analysis. Children/adolescents of Saudi citizens had significantly lower median total PTSD score than children/adolescents of expatriate families (p = 0.002).
CONCLUSION
PTSD associated with the COVID-19 and its resultant quarantine shouldn't be overlooked in different populations as it is expected in a considerable proportion of children/adolescents with variable prevalence, risk factors and severity. Parents/healthcare providers must be aware of PTSD associated with COVID-19 or similar disasters, so, they can provide children/adolescent with effective coping mechanisms.
介绍
COVID-19 大流行导致大多数国家采取隔离/封锁措施。隔离可能会导致严重的心理问题，包括创伤后应激障碍（PTSD），特别是对于脆弱的、处于关键发育期的儿童和青少年。很少有研究评估与传染病灾害相关的 PTSD，但没有沙特研究调查 COVID-19 对儿童和青少年的 PTSD。本研究旨在筛查沙特阿拉伯儿童和青少年的 PTSD，以确定 COVID-19 大流行及其隔离期间 PTSD 的流行率/危险因素。
方法
在 COVID-19 大流行开始后两个月，采用加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校的原始英文版本和阿拉伯语翻译版本，对儿童和青少年创伤后应激障碍进行横断面调查，可由家长报告或年龄较大的儿童和青少年自行完成。参与者（沙特公民/非沙特居民）通过社交媒体在线参与。
结果
共纳入 537 名参与者。参与者中男孩 262 名，女孩 275 名，平均年龄为 12.25±3.77 岁。无、轻度、轻度和潜在 PTSD 症状分别在 15.5%、44.1%、27.4%和 13.0%的儿童和青少年中发现。年龄、性别、年级和居住地不是 PTSD 症状的预测因素。单因素分析 PTSD 的危险因素发现，与可能感染的人周围的密切亲属的工作在 PTSD 症状组之间有显著差异，但在多因素分析中这种差异消失。沙特公民的儿童和青少年 PTSD 总分中位数显著低于外籍家庭的儿童和青少年（p=0.002）。
结论
在不同人群中，不应忽视与 COVID-19 及其所致隔离相关的 PTSD，因为预计相当比例的儿童和青少年会出现不同程度的 PTSD。父母/医疗保健提供者必须意识到与 COVID-19 或类似灾害相关的 PTSD，以便为儿童和青少年提供有效的应对机制。
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