Suchonwanit Poonkiat, Kositkuljorn Chaninan, Pomsoong Cherrin
Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Immunotargets Ther. 2021 Jul 29;10:299-312. doi: 10.2147/ITT.S266409. eCollection 2021.
Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease of the hair follicles. It is characterized by a well-defined non-scarring alopecic patch or patches that may extend to the entire scalp or lead to total body hair loss. Due to its unpredictable clinical course, AA causes substantial psychological harm. Despite the high prevalence of this disease and extensive research, its exact pathomechanism is unclear, and current treatments have a high relapse rate that has deemed AA incurable. Over the past few decades, researchers have investigated multiple potential factors that may help alleviate its pathogenesis and provide effective treatment. Given its complex immunopathogenesis, AA is considered an autoimmune disease with multiple factors. This review gathers current evidence that emphasizes molecular mechanisms, possible causative etiologies, and targeted immunotherapies for AA. Understanding its underlying mechanisms may shed light on new strategies to effectively manage AA in the future.
斑秃（AA）是一种毛囊的自身免疫性疾病。其特征为边界清晰的非瘢痕性脱发斑，可扩展至整个头皮或导致全身毛发脱落。由于其临床病程不可预测，斑秃会造成严重的心理伤害。尽管该疾病患病率高且研究广泛，但其确切发病机制尚不清楚，目前的治疗方法复发率高，这使得斑秃被认为无法治愈。在过去几十年里，研究人员研究了多种可能有助于缓解其发病机制并提供有效治疗的潜在因素。鉴于其复杂的免疫发病机制，斑秃被认为是一种多因素的自身免疫性疾病。本综述收集了当前的证据，重点阐述了斑秃的分子机制、可能的病因及靶向免疫疗法。了解其潜在机制可能为未来有效管理斑秃的新策略提供思路。
