Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Nanchang, 330045, PR China.
Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China; Guangyuan City Animal Husbandry and Seed Management Station, Guangyuan, 628017, Sichuan, PR China.
Environ Res. 2022 Jan;203:111836. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111836. Epub 2021 Aug 2.
Fluvalinate has been heavily used to control the pest Varroa destructor and residues in honeybee colony causing long-term exposure threat for bees. But, little is known about the lifetime trips and homing ability of worker bees under fluvalinate stresses during the development period. In this study, honeybees from 2-day-old larvae to 7-day-old adults were continuously fed with different concentrations of fluvalinate (0, 0.5, 5 and 50 mg/kg) and the effects of fluvalinate on the development of larvae were examined. And then, all the treated bees were reintroduced into the original source colony and were monitored, and the homing ability of 20 days old bees at 1000 and 2000 m away from the beehive were tested using the radio frequency identification (RFID). We found that fluvalinate significantly activates the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities of larvae and 5 mg/kg fluvalinate reduced the homing rate of workers at 2000 m away from colony. 50 mg/kg fluvalinate reduced proportion of capped worker cells, activated Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) activity of larvae, affected the foraging times, influenced the homing rate and homing time of one trip at 2000 m away from colony. Our results showed that the larvae can activate the activities of SOD and detoxification enzymes in detoxification of fluvalinate and reduce the influence on honeybees. But, when the concentration is higher than 5 mg/kg fluvalinate, it is difficult for bees to detoxify fluvalinate completely, which affect the homing rate. The results reflect the potential risk for honeybees in the development stage continuously exposed to fluvalinate.
氟戊菊酯被大量用于控制害虫瓦螨和蜂群中的残留，对蜜蜂造成长期的暴露威胁。但是，在发育期，关于蜜蜂在氟戊菊酯胁迫下的终生飞行和归巢能力知之甚少。在这项研究中，从 2 日龄幼虫到 7 日龄成虫的蜜蜂持续喂食不同浓度的氟戊菊酯（0、0.5、5 和 50mg/kg），并检查氟戊菊酯对幼虫发育的影响。然后，所有处理过的蜜蜂被重新引入原始蜂巢进行监测，并使用射频识别（RFID）测试距离蜂巢 1000 和 2000 米处 20 日龄蜜蜂的归巢能力。我们发现氟戊菊酯显著激活幼虫的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性，5mg/kg 的氟戊菊酯降低了 2000 米外工蜂的归巢率。50mg/kg 的氟戊菊酯降低了封盖工蜂细胞的比例，激活了幼虫的细胞色素 P450（CYP450）活性，影响了采集时间，影响了 2000 米外的单次归巢率和归巢时间。我们的研究结果表明，幼虫可以激活 SOD 等解毒酶的活性，减轻氟戊菊酯对蜜蜂的影响。但是，当浓度高于 5mg/kg 氟戊菊酯时，蜜蜂很难完全解毒氟戊菊酯，从而影响归巢率。这些结果反映了蜜蜂在发育期持续接触氟戊菊酯的潜在风险。
