Manning Louise, Kowalska Aleksandra
School of Agriculture, Food and the Environment, Royal Agricultural University, Stroud Road, Cirencester GL7 6JS, UK.
Institute of Economics and Finance, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, pl. Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej 5, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
Foods. 2021 Jul 13;10(7):1625. doi: 10.3390/foods10071625.
Illicit (unrecorded) alcohol is a critical global public health issue because it is produced without regulatory and market oversight with increased risk of safety, quality and adulteration issues. Undertaking iterative research to draw together academic, contemporary and historic evidence, this paper reviews one specific toxicological issue, methanol, in order to identify the policy mitigation strategies of interest. A typology of illicit alcohol products, including legal products, illegal products and surrogate products, is created. A policy landscape matrix is produced that synthesizes the drivers of illicit alcohol production, distribution, sale and consumption, policy measures and activity related signals in order to inform policy development. The matrix illustrates the interaction between capabilities, motivations and opportunities and factors such as access, culture, community norms and behavior, economic drivers and knowledge and information and gives insight into mitigation strategies against illicit alcohol sale and consumption, which may prove of value for policymakers in various parts of the world.
非法（未记录在案）酒精是一个严重的全球公共卫生问题，因为其生产缺乏监管和市场监督，安全、质量及掺假问题风险更高。本文通过开展迭代研究，汇集学术、当代及历史证据，审视了一个具体的毒理学问题——甲醇，以确定相关的政策缓解策略。文中创建了非法酒精产品的类型学，包括合法产品、非法产品和替代产品。还制作了一个政策格局矩阵，综合了非法酒精生产、分销、销售和消费的驱动因素、政策措施以及与活动相关的信号，以为政策制定提供参考。该矩阵展示了能力、动机和机会与诸如获取途径、文化、社区规范和行为、经济驱动因素以及知识和信息等因素之间的相互作用，并深入探讨了打击非法酒精销售和消费的缓解策略，这可能对世界各地区的政策制定者具有价值。
