Prof. Ephraim Katzir's Department of Biotechnology Engineering, ORT Braude College, 51 Snunit St, Karmiel 2161002, Israel.
Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstr. 6/II, 8010 Graz, Austria.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jul 28;22(15):8045. doi: 10.3390/ijms22158045.
CD24 is a mucin-like glycoprotein expressed at the surface of hematopoietic and tumor cells and was recently shown to be expressed in the first trimester placenta. As it was postulated as an immune suppressor, CD24 may contribute to maternal immune tolerance to the growing fetus. Preeclampsia (PE), a major pregnancy complication, is linked to reduced immune tolerance. Here, we explored the expression of CD24 in PE placenta in preterm and term cases.
Placentas were derived from first and early second trimester social terminations (N = 43), and third trimester normal term delivery (N = 67), preterm PE (N = 18), and preterm delivery (PTD) (N = 6). CD24 expression was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blotting. A smaller cohort included 3-5 subjects each of term and early PE, and term and preterm delivery controls analyzed by immunohistochemistry.
A higher expression (2.27-fold) of CD24 mRNA was determined in the normal term delivery compared to first and early second trimester cases. The mRNA of preterm PE cases was only higher by 1.31-fold compared to first and early second trimester, while in the age-matched PTD group had a fold increase of 5.72, four times higher compared to preterm PE. The delta cycle threshold (ΔCt) of CD24 mRNA expression in the preterm PE group was inversely correlated with gestational age (r = 0.737) and fetal size (r = 0.623), while correlation of any other group with these parameters was negligible. Western blot analysis revealed that the presence of CD24 protein in placental lysate of preterm PE was significantly reduced compared to term delivery controls ( = 0.026). In immunohistochemistry, there was a reduction of CD24 staining in villous trophoblast in preterm PE cases compared to gestational age-matched PTD cases ( = 0.042). Staining of PE cases at term was approximately twice higher compared to preterm PE cases ( = 0.025) but not different from normal term delivery controls.
While higher CD24 mRNA expression levels were determined for normal term delivery compared to earlier pregnancy stages, this expression level was found to be lower in preterm PE cases, and could be said to be linked to reduced immune tolerance in preeclampsia.
CD24 是一种黏蛋白样糖蛋白，表达于造血细胞和肿瘤细胞表面，最近研究表明其在孕早期胎盘组织中表达。由于 CD24 被认为是一种免疫抑制分子，它可能有助于母体对胎儿的免疫耐受。子痫前期（PE）是一种主要的妊娠并发症，与免疫耐受降低有关。在这里，我们研究了 CD24 在早产和足月 PE 胎盘组织中的表达情况。
胎盘来源于首次和早期妊娠中期的人工流产（N = 43）、晚期妊娠足月分娩（N = 67）、早产 PE（N = 18）和早产（PTD）（N = 6）。通过定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）和 Western blot 检测 CD24 的表达。较小的队列包括每个早产和早期 PE、足月和早产对照组各 3-5 例，通过免疫组织化学分析。
与首次和早期妊娠中期相比，正常足月分娩胎盘组织中 CD24mRNA 的表达水平升高（2.27 倍）。早产 PE 病例的 mRNA 仅升高 1.31 倍，而年龄匹配的 PTD 组的 fold increase 为 5.72，是早产 PE 的四倍。早产 PE 组 CD24mRNA 表达的 ΔCt 与胎龄（r = 0.737）和胎儿大小（r = 0.623）呈负相关，而其他组与这些参数的相关性可忽略不计。Western blot 分析显示，与足月分娩对照组相比，早产 PE 胎盘组织中 CD24 蛋白的表达显著降低（ = 0.026）。免疫组织化学染色显示，早产 PE 病例的绒毛滋养层中 CD24 染色减少，与胎龄匹配的 PTD 病例相比（ = 0.042）。足月 PE 病例的染色强度约为早产 PE 病例的两倍（ = 0.025），但与正常足月分娩对照组无差异。
与早期妊娠阶段相比，正常足月分娩胎盘组织中 CD24mRNA 表达水平较高，但早产 PE 病例的表达水平较低，这可能与子痫前期免疫耐受降低有关。
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