Topyła-Putowska Weronika, Tomaszewski Michał, Wysokiński Andrzej, Tomaszewski Andrzej
Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland.
J Clin Med. 2021 Jul 22;10(15):3229. doi: 10.3390/jcm10153229.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare, progressive disease in which there is a persistent, abnormal increase in pulmonary artery pressure. Symptoms of pulmonary hypertension are nonspecific and mainly associated with progressive right ventricular failure. The diagnosis of PAH is a multistep process and often requires the skillful use of several tests. The gold standard for the diagnosis of PAH is hemodynamic testing. Echocardiography currently plays an important role in the diagnostic algorithm of PAH as it is minimally invasive and readily available. Moreover, many echocardiographic parameters are closely related to pulmonary hemodynamics. It allows assessment of the right heart's structure and function, estimation of the pressure in the right ventricle, right atrium, and pulmonary trunk, and exclusion of other causes of elevated pulmonary bed pressure. Echocardiographic techniques are constantly evolving, and recently, measurements made using new techniques, especially 3D visualization, have become increasingly important. In echocardiographic assessment, it is crucial to know current guidelines and new reports that organize the methodology and allow standardization of the examination. This review aims to discuss the different echocardiographic techniques used to evaluate patients with PAH.
肺动脉高压（PAH）是一种罕见的进行性疾病，其肺动脉压力持续异常升高。肺动脉高压的症状不具有特异性，主要与进行性右心室衰竭相关。PAH的诊断是一个多步骤过程，通常需要熟练运用多种检查。PAH诊断的金标准是血流动力学检测。超声心动图目前在PAH的诊断流程中发挥着重要作用，因为它微创且易于获得。此外，许多超声心动图参数与肺血流动力学密切相关。它可以评估右心的结构和功能，估计右心室、右心房和肺动脉主干的压力，并排除肺循环压力升高的其他原因。超声心动图技术不断发展，最近，使用新技术（尤其是三维可视化）进行的测量变得越来越重要。在超声心动图评估中，了解当前组织检查方法并实现检查标准化的指南和新报告至关重要。本综述旨在讨论用于评估PAH患者的不同超声心动图技术。
