Department of Neurology, First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China.
Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
J Alzheimers Dis. 2021;83(3):963-976. doi: 10.3233/JAD-210381.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly and is characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive function. Amyloid-β protein accumulation is believed to be the key pathological hallmark of AD. Increasing evidence has shown that the gut microbiota has a role in brain function and host behaviors. The gut microbiota regulates the bidirectional interactions between the gut and brain through neural, endocrine, and immune pathways. With increasing age, the gut microbiota diversity decreases, and the dominant bacteria change, which is closely related to systemic inflammation and health status. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is related to cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases. The purpose of this review is to discuss the impacts of the gut microbiota on brain function and the development of AD. It is a feasible target for therapeutic invention. Modulating the composition of the gut microbiota through diet, physical activity or probiotic/prebiotic supplements can provide new prevention and treatment options for AD.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是老年人中最常见的痴呆症类型，其特征是认知功能逐渐下降。淀粉样蛋白-β蛋白积累被认为是 AD 的关键病理标志。越来越多的证据表明，肠道微生物群在大脑功能和宿主行为中起作用。肠道微生物群通过神经、内分泌和免疫途径调节肠道和大脑之间的双向相互作用。随着年龄的增长，肠道微生物群的多样性减少，优势细菌发生变化，这与全身炎症和健康状况密切相关。肠道微生物群失调与认知障碍和神经退行性疾病有关。本综述的目的是讨论肠道微生物群对大脑功能和 AD 发展的影响。它是治疗发明的一个可行目标。通过饮食、体育活动或益生菌/益生元补充剂来调节肠道微生物群的组成，可以为 AD 提供新的预防和治疗选择。
