Kiel Elizabeth J, Price Natalee N, Buss Kristin A
Miami University.
The Pennsylvania State University.
Soc Dev. 2021 Feb;30(1):258-273. doi: 10.1111/sode.12476. Epub 2020 Jul 20.
Parent emotion socialization refers to the process by which parents impart their values and beliefs about emotion expressivity to their children. Parent emotion socialization requires attention as a construct that develops in its own right. The socialization of child worry, in particular, has implications for children's typical socioemotional development, as well as their maladaptive development towards anxiety outcomes. Existing theories on emotion socialization, anxiety, and parent-child relationships guided our investigation of both maternal anxiety and toddler inhibited temperament as predictors of change in mothers' unsupportive (i.e., distress, punitive, and minimizing) responses to toddler worry across 1 year of toddlerhood. Participants included 139 mother-toddler dyads. Mothers reported on their own anxiety and their emotion socialization responses to toddler worry. We assessed toddler inhibited temperament through a mother-report survey of shyness and observational coding of dysregulated fear. Maternal anxiety but not child inhibited temperament predicted distress reactions and punitive responses, whereas maternal anxiety and toddler dysregulated fear both uniquely predicted minimizing responses. These results support continued investigation of worry socialization as a developmental outcome of both parent and child characteristics.
父母情感社会化是指父母将其关于情感表达的价值观和信念传授给孩子的过程。父母情感社会化作为一种独立发展的结构，需要引起关注。特别是儿童担忧的社会化，对儿童典型的社会情感发展以及他们向焦虑结果的适应不良发展都有影响。现有的关于情感社会化、焦虑和亲子关系的理论指导了我们对母亲焦虑和幼儿抑制性气质的研究，将其作为幼儿期1年中母亲对幼儿担忧的不支持性（即痛苦、惩罚性和轻视性）反应变化的预测因素。参与者包括139对母婴二元组。母亲们报告了自己的焦虑以及她们对幼儿担忧的情感社会化反应。我们通过母亲报告的害羞调查和对失调恐惧的观察编码来评估幼儿的抑制性气质。母亲焦虑而非儿童抑制性气质预测了痛苦反应和惩罚性反应，而母亲焦虑和幼儿失调恐惧都独特地预测了轻视反应。这些结果支持继续将担忧社会化作为父母和儿童特征的发展结果进行研究。
