Ding Meng, Zhao Wei, Song Ling-Jie, Luan Shi-Fang
State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese of Academy, Changchun, 130022 China.
College of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China.
Rare Metals. 2022;41(2):482-498. doi: 10.1007/s12598-021-01802-4. Epub 2021 Aug 4.
Bacterial biofilm infections have been threatening the human's life and health globally for a long time because they typically cause chronic and persistent infections. Traditional antibiotic therapies can hardly eradicate biofilms in many cases, as biofilms always form a robust fortress for pathogens inside, inhibiting the penetration of drugs. To address the issues, many novel drug carriers emerged as promising strategies for biofilm treatment. Among them, stimuli-responsive nanocarriers have attracted much attentions for their intriguing physicochemical properties, such as tunable size, shape and surface chemistry, especially smart drug release characteristic. Based on the microenvironmental difference between biofilm infection sites and normal tissue, many stimuli, such as bacterial products accumulating in biofilms (enzymes, glutathione, etc.), lower pH and higher HO levels, have been employed and proved in favor of "on-demand" drug release for biofilm elimination. Additionally, external stimuli including light, heat, microwave and magnetic fields are also able to control the drug releasing behavior artificially. In this review, we summarized recent advances in stimuli-responsive nanocarriers for combating biofilm infections, and mainly, focusing on the different stimuli that trigger the drug release.
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长期以来，细菌生物膜感染一直在全球范围内威胁着人类的生命和健康，因为它们通常会引发慢性和持续性感染。在许多情况下，传统的抗生素疗法很难根除生物膜，因为生物膜总是为内部的病原体形成一个坚固的堡垒，抑制药物的渗透。为了解决这些问题，许多新型药物载体作为生物膜治疗的有前景的策略出现了。其中，刺激响应性纳米载体因其有趣的物理化学性质，如可调节的尺寸、形状和表面化学性质，特别是智能药物释放特性，而备受关注。基于生物膜感染部位与正常组织之间的微环境差异，许多刺激因素，如生物膜中积累的细菌产物（酶、谷胱甘肽等）、较低的pH值和较高的过氧化氢水平，已被采用并证明有利于“按需”释放药物以消除生物膜。此外，包括光、热、微波和磁场在内的外部刺激也能够人为地控制药物释放行为。在这篇综述中，我们总结了刺激响应性纳米载体在对抗生物膜感染方面的最新进展，主要关注触发药物释放的不同刺激因素。
