Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2021 Jan;13(1):e1664. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1664. Epub 2020 Aug 17.
Antibiotic resistance due to suboptimal targeting and inconsistent antibiotic release at bacterial infection sites has driven the formulation of stimuli-responsive nanocarriers for antibacterial therapy. Unlike conventional nanocarriers, stimuli-responsive nanocarriers have the ability to specifically enhance targeting and drug release profiles. There has been a significant escalation in the design and development of novel nanomaterials worldwide; in particular, intrinsic stimuli-responsive antibiotic nanocarriers, due to their enhanced activity, improved targeted delivery, and superior potential for bacterial penetration and eradication. Herein, we provide an extensive and critical review of pH-, enzyme-, redox-, and ionic microenvironment-responsive nanocarriers that have been reported in literature to date, with an emphasis on the mechanisms of drug release, the nanomaterials used, the nanosystems constructed and the antibacterial efficacy of the nanocarriers. The review also highlights further avenues of research for optimizing their potential and commercialization. This review confirms the potential of intrinsic stimuli-responsive nanocarriers for enhanced drug delivery and antibacterial killing. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology.
由于在细菌感染部位的靶向作用不理想和抗生素释放不一致，导致抗生素耐药性的产生，这推动了刺激响应型纳米载体在抗菌治疗中的应用。与传统的纳米载体不同，刺激响应型纳米载体具有特异性增强靶向和药物释放特性的能力。在全球范围内，新型纳米材料的设计和开发显著增加；特别是，由于其增强的活性、改善的靶向递送以及对细菌穿透和消除的优异潜力，内在刺激响应型抗生素纳米载体受到了广泛关注。本文广泛而深入地综述了迄今为止文献中报道的 pH、酶、氧化还原和离子微环境响应型纳米载体，重点介绍了药物释放机制、所使用的纳米材料、构建的纳米系统以及纳米载体的抗菌功效。该综述还强调了进一步优化其潜力和实现商业化的研究途径。本综述证实了内在刺激响应型纳米载体在增强药物递送和抗菌杀伤方面的潜力。本文属于以下分类：治疗方法和药物发现 > 用于传染病的纳米医学 纳米技术在生物学中的应用 > 生物学中的纳米尺度系统。
