补充喂养：早产儿引入过敏原食物和谷蛋白的建议。

Complementary Feeding: Recommendations for the Introduction of Allergenic Foods and Gluten in the Preterm Infant.

机构信息

Neonatal Pathology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Sant'Anna Hospital, City of Health and Science University Hospital of Turin, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.

Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, AOU Bologna, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.

出版信息

Nutrients. 2021 Jul 20;13(7):2477. doi: 10.3390/nu13072477.

DOI:10.3390/nu13072477

PMID:34371985

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8308791/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The aim of this systematic review is to analyze the available literature on the introduction of allergenic foods and gluten among preterm infants.

METHODS

A systematic review of published studies concerning the introduction of gluten and allergenic foods in preterm infants was performed on PubMed and on the Cochrane Library.

RESULTS

Of the 174 PubMed results, 15 papers were considered suitable for the review. A total of 83 records were identified through the Cochrane Library search; eight papers were included in the review. Additional papers were identified from the reference lists of included studies. A secondary search was conducted on the same databases to find recommendations and advice regarding healthy full-term infants that could be translated to preterm infants. Therefore, 59 additional papers were included in the review.

CONCLUSIONS

Current guidelines for the introduction of solid food cannot be directly transposed to preterm infants. Further research is needed to provide evidence-based guidelines regarding weaning in preterm infants. To date, we can suggest that in preterm infants allergenic foods and gluten may be introduced when complementary feeding is started, any time after 4 months of corrected age, avoiding delayed introduction and irrespective of infants' relative risk of developing allergy. Avoiding large amounts of gluten during the first few weeks after gluten introduction and during infancy is advised, despite limited evidence to support this recommendation.

摘要

背景

本系统评价旨在分析有关早产儿引入变应原性食物和谷蛋白的现有文献。

方法

在 PubMed 和 Cochrane 图书馆上对有关早产儿引入谷蛋白和变应原性食物的已发表研究进行了系统评价。

结果

在 174 项 PubMed 结果中，有 15 篇被认为适合本综述。通过 Cochrane 图书馆检索共确定了 83 条记录；其中 8 篇被纳入综述。还从纳入研究的参考文献中确定了其他一些文献。在相同的数据库中进行了二次搜索，以找到有关健康足月儿的建议和意见，这些建议和意见可以转化为早产儿。因此，本综述纳入了 59 篇额外的文献。

结论

目前关于引入固体食物的指南不能直接应用于早产儿。需要进一步研究，为早产儿的断奶提供循证指南。迄今为止，我们可以建议，在开始补充喂养时，即校正年龄 4 个月后，可以向早产儿引入变应原性食物和谷蛋白，避免延迟引入，而不论婴儿发生过敏的相对风险如何。尽管没有足够的证据支持这一建议，但建议在引入谷蛋白后的最初几周和婴儿期避免大量摄入谷蛋白。