Hernández-Ramírez Juan Omar, Merino-Guzmán Rubén, Téllez-Isaías Guillermo, Vázquez-Durán Alma, Méndez-Albores Abraham
Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria L14 (Alimentos, Micotoxinas, y Micotoxicosis), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.
Front Vet Sci. 2021 Jul 26;8:677965. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.677965. eCollection 2021.
experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a yeast cell wall fraction (YCW) to reduce the negative impact of aflatoxin B (AFB) to the intestinal epithelium in broiler chickens. Zeta potential (ζ-potential), point of zero charge (pH), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques were used to characterize the YCW. Two hundred one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly allocated into four treatments: (1) control, chickens fed an AFB-free diet; (2) AF, chickens feed an AFB-contaminated diet (500 ng AFB/g); (3) YCW, chickens fed an AFB-free diet + 0.05% YCW; and (4) AF + YCW, chickens fed an AFB-contaminated diet (500 ng AFB/g) + 0.05% YCW. At the end of the 21-day feeding period, fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-d) was administered to chicks by oral gavage to evaluate gastrointestinal leakage. Blood and duodenum samples were collected to assess serum biochemistry and histomorphology, respectively. Compared to the control group, chicks of the AF group significantly diminished weight gain (WG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI), and increased feed conversion ratio (FCR), mortality rate (MR), and intestinal lesion scores ( < 0.05). Alterations in some serum biochemical parameters, and damage to the intestinal integrity were also evident in the AF-intoxicated birds. YCW supplementation improved WG and FCR and increased villus height, villus area, crypt depth, and the number of goblet cells in villi. The effects of YCW on growth performance were not significant in chicks of the AF + YCW group; however, the treatment decreased MR and significantly ameliorated some biochemical and histomorphological alterations. The beneficial effect of YCW was more evident in promoting gut health since chickens of the AF + YCW group presented a significant reduction in serum FITC-d concentration. This positive effect was mainly related to the changes in negative charges of YCW due to changes in pH, the net negative surface charge above the pH, the higher quantities of negative charged functional groups on the YCW surface, and its ability to form large aggregates. From these results, it can be concluded that YCW at low supplementation level can partially protect broilers' intestinal health from chronic exposure to AFB.
进行了实验以评估酵母细胞壁组分（YCW）减轻黄曲霉毒素B（AFB）对肉鸡肠道上皮负面影响的效果。使用zeta电位（ζ-电位）、零电荷点（pH）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）技术对YCW进行表征。将200只1日龄雄性罗斯308肉鸡随机分为四个处理组：（1）对照组，饲喂不含AFB的日粮；（2）AF组，饲喂受AFB污染的日粮（500 ng AFB/g）；（3）YCW组，饲喂不含AFB的日粮+0.05% YCW；（4）AF + YCW组，饲喂受AFB污染的日粮（500 ng AFB/g）+0.05% YCW。在21天的饲喂期结束时，通过口服灌胃给雏鸡施用异硫氰酸荧光素葡聚糖（FITC-d）以评估胃肠道渗漏。分别采集血液和十二指肠样本以评估血清生化指标和组织形态学。与对照组相比，AF组雏鸡的体重增加（WG）和平均日采食量（ADFI）显著降低，饲料转化率（FCR）、死亡率（MR）和肠道损伤评分增加（<0.05）。在AF中毒的鸡中，一些血清生化参数的改变以及肠道完整性的损伤也很明显。补充YCW改善了WG和FCR，并增加了绒毛高度、绒毛面积、隐窝深度和绒毛中杯状细胞的数量。YCW对AF + YCW组雏鸡的生长性能影响不显著；然而，该处理降低了MR，并显著改善了一些生化和组织形态学改变。YCW的有益作用在促进肠道健康方面更为明显，因为AF + YCW组鸡的血清FITC-d浓度显著降低。这种积极作用主要与由于pH变化导致的YCW负电荷变化、高于pH的净负表面电荷、YCW表面带负电荷官能团的数量增加以及其形成大聚集体的能力有关。从这些结果可以得出结论，低添加水平的YCW可以部分保护肉鸡的肠道健康免受长期暴露于AFB的影响。
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