Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA.
Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
J Immunol. 2021 Sep 1;207(5):1344-1356. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100465. Epub 2021 Aug 13.
CD8 T cells can potentiate long-lived immunity against COVID-19. We screened longitudinally-sampled convalescent human donors against SARS-CoV-2 tetramers and identified a participant with an immunodominant response against residues 322 to 311 of nucleocapsid (Nuc), a peptide conserved in all variants of concern reported to date. We conducted 38-parameter cytometry by time of flight on tetramer-identified Nuc-specific CD8 T cells and on CD4 and CD8 T cells recognizing the entire nucleocapsid and spike proteins, and took 32 serological measurements. We discovered a coordination of the Nuc-specific CD8 T response with both the CD4 T cell and Ab pillars of adaptive immunity. Over the approximately six month period of convalescence monitored, we observed a slow and progressive decrease in the activation state and polyfunctionality of Nuc-specific CD8 T cells, accompanied by an increase in their lymph node-homing and homeostatic proliferation potential. These results suggest that following a typical case of mild COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8 T cells not only persist but continuously differentiate in a coordinated fashion well into convalescence into a state characteristic of long-lived, self-renewing memory.
CD8 T 细胞可增强对 COVID-19 的长期免疫。我们对 SARS-CoV-2 四聚体进行了纵向采样的康复期人类供体筛选,并鉴定出一名对核衣壳(Nuc)322 至 311 位残基具有免疫优势反应的参与者,该肽在迄今报告的所有关注变体中均保守。我们对四聚体鉴定的 Nuc 特异性 CD8 T 细胞以及识别整个核衣壳和刺突蛋白的 CD4 和 CD8 T 细胞进行了 38 参数飞行时间流式细胞术,并进行了 32 项血清学测量。我们发现 Nuc 特异性 CD8 T 反应与适应性免疫的 CD4 T 细胞和 Ab 支柱协同协调。在监测的大约六个月康复期间,我们观察到 Nuc 特异性 CD8 T 细胞的激活状态和多功能性缓慢而逐渐下降,同时其淋巴结归巢和稳态增殖潜力增加。这些结果表明,在典型的轻度 COVID-19 病例之后,SARS-CoV-2 特异性 CD8 T 细胞不仅持续存在,而且在康复期间以协调的方式不断分化为具有长期自我更新记忆特征的状态。
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