School of Government, University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Jan;29(3):3446-3462. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-15843-w. Epub 2021 Aug 13.
This study measures the environmental regulation effect and pattern of carbon emission and energy efficiency through data envelopment analysis and econometric estimation. One of the most important ways to achieve a green transition is promoting technical progress through environmental regulation. Though China has witnessed rapid economic growth over the last two decades, the country can improve it further through adopting sustainable green energy and establishing more energy-efficient industries to strike a good balance between economic and social developments. The oil and carbon dioxide emission performances form the most important metrics. This study uses panel data from 30 Chinese provinces from 2008 to 2017 to assess the effect of environmental regulation on energy production. The nonradial directional distance function (NDDF) is used to measure the total factor energy efficiency index (TFEEI). The panel system GMM model, which can effectively address endogenous problems and regional variability, is utilized to research the nonlinear relationship between environmental regulations and EEI under various environmental regulations to study it. The findings reveal a considerably modest total average EEI amount for energy-intensive industries, averaging between 0.55 and 0.58, which is way below the ideal value (i.e., 1). Furthermore, the results of the dynamic panel data model revealed a significant U-shaped relationship between China's EEI and environmental regulation. The results show that as the values of market-based environmental regulations (MERs) and command and control environmental regulations (CCERs) exceed the corresponding levels, the impact of environmental regulation on the TFEEI increases gradually. This study will aid policymakers in better understanding the efficacy of different levels of environmental regulations to make more educated decisions.
本研究通过数据包络分析和计量经济估计来衡量碳排放和能源效率的环境监管效应和模式。实现绿色转型的最重要方法之一是通过环境监管促进技术进步。尽管中国在过去二十年经历了快速的经济增长，但可以通过采用可持续的绿色能源和建立更节能的产业来进一步提高能源效率，以在经济和社会发展之间取得良好的平衡。石油和二氧化碳排放表现构成了最重要的指标。本研究使用了 2008 年至 2017 年中国 30 个省份的面板数据来评估环境监管对能源生产的影响。使用非径向方向距离函数（NDDF）来衡量全要素能源效率指数（TFEEI）。面板系统 GMM 模型可以有效地解决内生性问题和区域变异性，用于研究在各种环境法规下环境法规与 EEI 之间的非线性关系。研究结果表明，能源密集型产业的总平均 EEI 相当低，平均在 0.55 到 0.58 之间，远低于理想值（即 1）。此外，动态面板数据模型的结果表明，中国 EEI 与环境监管之间存在显著的 U 型关系。结果表明，随着市场导向的环境监管（MERs）和命令与控制环境监管（CCERs）的数值超过相应水平，环境监管对 TFEEI 的影响逐渐增加。本研究将帮助政策制定者更好地了解不同水平的环境监管的效果，从而做出更明智的决策。
