Gedebou M, Kronvall G, Habte-Gabr E, Ringertz S
Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.
Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand B. 1987 Dec;95(6):331-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1987.tb03134.x.
Patients admitted to a teaching hospital in Addis Ababa were studied for nosocomial infection. Of 2506 patients, 13% developed clinical infections, with the highest rate among obstetric/gynaecologic patients (17.0%). Wound infection was the most frequent type of nosocomial infection (49%) followed by urinary tract infection (25%). Antibiotic prophylaxis was given to 43% of the patients. Gram-negative bacteria comprised 88% of all isolated strains Enterobacteriaceae; 75% of all isolates were found in over 60% of the infection, Proteus 25%, Escherichia coli 20% and Klebsiella 19%. The most widely used antibiotics were ineffective against 65 to 85% of the Gram-negative strains. Cefotaxime and gentamicin were more effective. Staphylococcus aureus isolates were also similarly resistant, against which cephalothin, lincomycin and gentamicin were the more effective ones. Over 70% of the strains were multiple resistant. The findings underscore the need for a surveillance program and infection control system to reduce the high rate of infection and to institute appropriate guidelines for the use of prophylactic and therapeutic antibiotics.
对亚的斯亚贝巴一家教学医院收治的患者进行了医院感染研究。在2506名患者中，13%发生了临床感染，其中产科/妇科患者的感染率最高（17.0%）。伤口感染是最常见的医院感染类型（49%），其次是尿路感染（25%）。43%的患者接受了抗生素预防。革兰氏阴性菌占所有分离菌株的88%，其中肠杆菌科占75%；超过60%的感染中发现了75%的分离菌株，变形杆菌占25%，大肠杆菌占20%，克雷伯菌占19%。最常用的抗生素对65%至85%的革兰氏阴性菌株无效。头孢噻肟和庆大霉素更有效。金黄色葡萄球菌分离株也有类似的耐药性，其中头孢噻吩、林可霉素和庆大霉素更有效。超过70%的菌株具有多重耐药性。这些发现强调了需要一个监测计划和感染控制系统，以降低高感染率，并制定使用预防性和治疗性抗生素的适当指南。
