College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2021 Oct;142:112042. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112042. Epub 2021 Aug 14.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy has brought a great enthusiasm to the treatment of various immune disorders, tissue regeneration and transplantation therapy. MSCs are being extensively investigated for their immunomodulatory actions. MSCs can deliver immunomodulatory signals to inhibit allogeneic T cell immune responses by downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and increasing regulatory cytokines and growth factors. Islet transplantation is a therapeutic alternative to the insulin therapy for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). However, the acute loss of islets due to the lack of vasculature and hypoxic milieu in the immediate post-transplantation period may lead to treatment failure. Moreover, despite the use of potent immunosuppressive drugs, graft failure persists because of immunological rejection. Many in vitro and in vivo researches have demonstrated the multipotency of MSCs as a mediator of immunomodulation and a great approach for enhancement of islet engraftment. MSCs can interact with immune cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems via direct cell-cell contact or through secretomes containing numerous soluble growth and immunomodulatory factors or mitochondrial transfer. This review highlights the interactions between MSCs and different immune cells to mediate immunomodulatory functions along with the importance of MSCs therapy for the successful islet transplantation.
间充质干细胞 (MSCs) 治疗为各种免疫紊乱、组织再生和移植治疗带来了巨大的热情。MSCs 的免疫调节作用正在被广泛研究。MSCs 可以通过下调促炎细胞因子和增加调节性细胞因子和生长因子来传递免疫调节信号，抑制同种异体 T 细胞免疫反应。胰岛移植是治疗 1 型糖尿病 (T1DM) 的胰岛素治疗的一种替代疗法。然而，由于移植后即刻血管缺乏和缺氧环境，胰岛会急性丢失，这可能导致治疗失败。此外，尽管使用了强效的免疫抑制剂，由于免疫排斥，移植物仍然会衰竭。许多体外和体内研究表明，MSCs 作为免疫调节的介质和增强胰岛移植的一种方法具有多能性。MSCs 可以通过直接细胞-细胞接触或通过包含许多可溶性生长和免疫调节因子或线粒体转移的分泌组与先天和适应性免疫系统的免疫细胞相互作用。本综述强调了 MSCs 与不同免疫细胞之间的相互作用，以介导免疫调节功能，以及 MSCs 治疗在成功胰岛移植中的重要性。
