School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
BMC Pulm Med. 2021 Aug 17;21(1):269. doi: 10.1186/s12890-021-01637-w.
Bronchiectasis is a major contributor to respiratory morbidity and healthcare utilization in children. Children with bronchiectasis exhibit low levels of physical activity (PA) and poor fundamental movement skills (FMS) may be a contributing factor. However, there are no data on FMS's in this population. The current study assessed FMS proficiency in children with bronchiectasis and examined associations with objectively measured PA.
Forty-six children with bronchiectasis (mean age 7.5 ± 2.6 year, 63% Male) were recruited from the Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane. PA was measured using the ActiGraph GT3X + accelerometer. Raw accelerometer data were processed into daily time spent in sedentary activities, light-intensity activities and games, walking, running, and moderate-to-vigorous activities and games using a random forest (RF) PA classification algorithm specifically developed for children. Daily MVPA was calculated by summing time spent in walking, running, and moderate-to-vigorous activities and games. FMS were assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development 2nd Edition (TGMD-2).
Fewer than 5% of children demonstrated mastery in the run, gallop, hop, and leap; while fewer than 10% demonstrated mastery for the two-handed strike, overarm throw, and underarm throw. Only eight of the 46 children (17.4%) achieved their age equivalency for locomotor skills, while just four (8.7%) achieved their age equivalency for object control skills. One-way ANCOVA revealed that children achieving their age equivalency for FMS had significantly higher levels of MVPA than children not achieving their age equivalency (51.7 vs 36.7 min/day). When examined by the five activity classes predicted by the RF algorithm, children achieving their age equivalency exhibited significantly greater participation moderate-to-vigorous intensity activities and games (22.1 vs 10.7 min/day). No significant differences were observed for sedentary activities, light-intensity activities and games, walking, and running.
Children with bronchiectasis exhibit significant delays in their FMS development. However, those who meet their age equivalency for FMS proficiency participate in significantly more daily MVPA than children who do not meet their age-equivalency. Therapeutic exercise programs designed to improve FMS proficiency are thus likely to be beneficial in this population.
支气管扩张症是儿童呼吸系统发病率和医疗保健利用率的主要原因。患有支气管扩张症的儿童体力活动（PA）水平较低，基本运动技能（FMS）较差，可能是一个促成因素。然而，目前尚无关于该人群 FMS 的数据。本研究评估了支气管扩张症儿童的 FMS 水平，并研究了其与客观测量的 PA 的关联。
从布里斯班昆士兰儿童医院招募了 46 名支气管扩张症患儿（平均年龄 7.5±2.6 岁，63%为男性）。使用 ActiGraph GT3X+加速度计测量 PA。使用专门为儿童开发的随机森林（RF）PA 分类算法，将原始加速度计数据处理为每天用于久坐活动、低强度活动和游戏、步行、跑步以及中等到剧烈活动和游戏的时间。通过将步行、跑步和中等到剧烈活动和游戏的时间相加来计算每日 MVPA。使用第二代粗大运动发育测试（TGMD-2）评估 FMS。
不到 5%的儿童在跑步、奔跑、跳跃和单脚跳方面表现出熟练程度；而在双手击球、过顶投掷和下手投掷方面表现出熟练程度的不到 10%。在 46 名儿童中，只有 8 名（17.4%）达到了其运动技能的年龄同等水平，而只有 4 名（8.7%）达到了其物体控制技能的年龄同等水平。单向方差分析显示，在 FMS 达到年龄同等水平的儿童中，MVPA 水平显著高于未达到年龄同等水平的儿童（51.7 比 36.7 分钟/天）。当按 RF 算法预测的五个活动类别进行检查时，达到年龄同等水平的儿童显著更多地参与中等到剧烈强度的活动和游戏（22.1 比 10.7 分钟/天）。在久坐活动、低强度活动和游戏、步行和跑步方面没有观察到显著差异。
支气管扩张症患儿的 FMS 发育明显滞后。然而，那些在 FMS 熟练程度上达到年龄同等水平的儿童比那些未达到年龄同等水平的儿童每天进行更多的 MVPA。因此，旨在提高 FMS 熟练程度的治疗性运动计划可能对该人群有益。
