Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Institute of Sports, Food, and Natural Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Post box 133, 6851, Sogndal, Sogn og Fjordane, Norway.
Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Post box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2020 Jan 2;17(1):1. doi: 10.1186/s12966-019-0902-6.
The direction of the longitudinal relationship between physical activity (PA) and fundamental motor skills (FMS) remains unclear. We evaluated the bi-directional, prospective relationships between intensity-specific physical activity (PA) and domain-specific fundamental motor skills (FMS) over 2 years in children attending preschool at baseline.
A sample of 230 children (mean age at baseline 4.7 yr, 52% boys) from the 'Sogn og Fjordane Preschool Physical Activity Study' was measured 2 years apart. PA was assessed using ActiGraph accelerometers (GT3X+). FMS were evaluated by a test battery guided by the 'Test of Gross Motor Development 3' and the 'Preschooler Gross Motor Quality Scale'. PA outcomes were total PA (TPA [counts per minute]) and intensity specific PA and sedentary behaviour (SED) (min/day). FMS outcomes were locomotor, object control, and balance skills. Linear mixed model adjusting for potential co-variates was used to evaluate the bi-directional prospective associations between these variables, including the moderating effect of sex and age.
Baseline total PA, moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), and vigorous PA predicted higher locomotor, object control, and balance skills at follow-up (standardized regression coefficient (β): 0.17 to 0.26, p = 0.002-0.017). Baseline SED predicted lower locomotor skills at follow-up (β: - 0.27, p = 0.012). Baseline light PA did not predict FMS at follow-up. Baseline FMS were not associated with PA or SED at follow-up.
MVPA was positively associated with development of FMS in young children. In contrast, FMS were not related to future PA levels. Our results suggest promotion of MVPA is important for FMS development in young children.
体力活动（PA）和基本运动技能（FMS）之间的纵向关系方向尚不清楚。我们评估了在基线时上幼儿园的儿童在 2 年内，特定强度体力活动（PA）和特定领域基本运动技能（FMS）之间的双向、前瞻性关系。
“松恩和菲尤拉讷幼儿园体育活动研究”中的 230 名儿童（基线时的平均年龄为 4.7 岁，52%为男孩）样本，每两年测量一次。使用 ActiGraph 加速度计（GT3X+）评估 PA。FMS 通过“运动发育测试 3”和“学龄前儿童运动质量量表”指导的测试组合进行评估。PA 结果是总 PA（TPA[每分钟计数]）和强度特异性 PA 和久坐行为（SED）（分钟/天）。FMS 结果是移动、物体控制和平衡技能。使用线性混合模型调整潜在协变量，评估这些变量之间的双向前瞻性关联，包括性别和年龄的调节作用。
基线总 PA、中等到剧烈 PA（MVPA）和剧烈 PA 预测随访时更高的移动、物体控制和平衡技能（标准化回归系数（β）：0.17 至 0.26，p=0.002-0.017）。基线 SED 预测随访时较低的移动技能（β：-0.27，p=0.012）。基线轻 PA 与随访时的 FMS 无关。基线 FMS 与随访时的 PA 或 SED 无关。
MVPA 与幼儿 FMS 的发展呈正相关。相比之下，FMS 与未来的 PA 水平无关。我们的结果表明，促进 MVPA 对幼儿 FMS 的发展很重要。
