Transcriptome Laboratory, Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, UP, India.
Crit Rev Microbiol. 2021 Sep;47(5):596-611. doi: 10.1080/1040841X.2021.1907739. Epub 2021 Apr 6.
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract hosts trillions of microbial inhabitants involved in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, dysbiosis of which provokes a motley of pathogenic and autoimmune disorders. While the mechanisms by which the microbiota modulates human health are manifold, their liberated metabolites from ingested dietary supplements play a crucial role by bidirectionally regulating the expression of micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs). miRNAs are small endogenous non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that have been confirmed to be involved in an interplay with microbiota to regulate host gene expression. This comprehensive review focuses on key principles of miRNAs, their regulation, and crosstalk with gut microbiota to influence host gene expression in various human disorders, by bringing together important recent findings centric around miRNA-microbiota interactions in diseases along various axis of the gut with other organs. We also attempt to lay emphasis on exploiting the avenues of gut-directed miRNA therapeutics using rudimentary dietary supplements to regulate abnormal host gene expression in diseases, opening doors to an accessible and economical therapeutic strategy.
人类胃肠道（GI）中栖息着数以万亿计的微生物，它们参与维持肠道内环境的稳定。这些微生物的失衡会引发多种致病和自身免疫性疾病。虽然微生物群调节人类健康的机制有很多，但它们从摄入的膳食补充剂中释放的代谢产物通过双向调节微核糖核酸（miRNA）的表达，起着至关重要的作用。miRNA 是小的内源性非编码 RNA（ncRNA），已被证实与微生物群相互作用，调节宿主基因表达。本综述重点关注 miRNA 的关键原理、调控及其与肠道微生物群的相互作用，以影响各种人类疾病中宿主基因的表达，汇集了围绕肠道与其他器官各个轴线上疾病中 miRNA-微生物群相互作用的重要最新发现。我们还试图强调利用肠道导向的 miRNA 治疗学的途径，使用基本的膳食补充剂来调节疾病中宿主基因的异常表达，为一种易于获得且经济的治疗策略开辟道路。
