Silk Matthew J, Fefferman Nina H
National Institute of Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA.
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA.
Behav Ecol Sociobiol. 2021;75(8):122. doi: 10.1007/s00265-021-03055-8. Epub 2021 Aug 18.
Social interactions are required for the direct transmission of infectious diseases. Consequently, the social network structure of populations plays a key role in shaping infectious disease dynamics. A huge research effort has examined how specific social network structures make populations more (or less) vulnerable to damaging epidemics. However, it can be just as important to understand how social networks can contribute to endemic disease dynamics, in which pathogens are maintained at stable levels for prolonged periods of time. Hosts that can maintain endemic disease may serve as keystone hosts for multi-host pathogens within an ecological community, and also have greater potential to act as key wildlife reservoirs of agricultural and zoonotic diseases. Here, we examine combinations of social and demographic processes that can foster endemic disease in hosts. We synthesise theoretical and empirical work to demonstrate the importance of both social structure and social dynamics in maintaining endemic disease. We also highlight the importance of distinguishing between the local and global persistence of infection and reveal how different social processes drive variation in the scale at which infectious diseases appear endemic. Our synthesis provides a framework by which to understand how sociality contributes to the long-term maintenance of infectious disease in wildlife hosts and provides a set of tools to unpick the social and demographic mechanisms involved in any given host-pathogen system.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00265-021-03055-8.
传染病的直接传播需要社会互动。因此，人群的社会网络结构在塑造传染病动态方面起着关键作用。大量研究致力于探究特定的社会网络结构如何使人群更容易（或更不容易）受到破坏性流行病的影响。然而，了解社会网络如何影响地方病动态同样重要，在地方病动态中，病原体在较长时间内维持在稳定水平。能够维持地方病的宿主可能是生态群落中多宿主病原体的关键宿主，并且也更有可能成为农业和人畜共患病的关键野生动物宿主。在这里，我们研究了可能促进宿主地方病的社会和人口过程的组合。我们综合理论和实证研究，以证明社会结构和社会动态在维持地方病方面的重要性。我们还强调了区分感染的局部和全球持续性的重要性，并揭示了不同的社会过程如何驱动传染病呈现地方病特征的规模差异。我们的综合研究提供了一个框架，用以理解社会性如何促进野生动物宿主中传染病的长期维持，并提供了一套工具来剖析任何给定宿主 - 病原体系统中涉及的社会和人口机制。
在线版本包含可在10.1007/s00265-021-03055-8获取的补充材料。
