Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
J Immunotoxicol. 2021 Jul 24;18(1):93-104. doi: 10.1080/1547691X.2021.1959677.
The aging immune system is characterized by a low-grade chronic systemic inflammatory state ("inflammaging") marked by elevated serum levels of inflammatory molecules such as interleukin (IL)-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP). These inflammatory markers were also reported to be strong predictors for the development/severity of Type 2 diabetes, obesity, and COVID-19. The levels of these markers have been positively associated with those of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) generated via non-enzymatic glycation and oxidation of proteins and lipids during normal aging and metabolism. Based on the above observations, it is clinically important to elucidate how dietary AGEs modulate inflammation and might thus increase the risk for aging-exacerbated diseases. The present narrative review discusses the potential pro-inflammatory properties of dietary AGEs with a focus on the inflammatory mediators CRP, IL-6 and ferritin, and their relations to aging in general and Type 2 diabetes in particular. In addition, underlying mechanisms - including those related to gut microbiota and the receptors for AGEs, and the roles AGEs might play in affecting physiologies of the healthy elderly, obese individuals, and diabetics are discussed in regard to any greater susceptibility to COVID-19.
衰老的免疫系统的特征是低度慢性系统性炎症状态（“炎症衰老”），其特征是炎症分子（如白细胞介素 (IL)-6 和 C 反应蛋白 (CRP)）的血清水平升高。这些炎症标志物也被报道是 2 型糖尿病、肥胖和 COVID-19 发展/严重程度的强有力预测指标。这些标志物的水平与在正常衰老和代谢过程中通过非酶糖基化和蛋白质及脂质氧化产生的晚期糖基化终产物 (AGEs) 的水平呈正相关。基于上述观察结果，阐明膳食 AGEs 如何调节炎症，从而增加因衰老而加剧的疾病的风险，在临床上非常重要。本综述讨论了膳食 AGEs 的潜在促炎特性，重点讨论了炎症介质 CRP、IL-6 和铁蛋白，以及它们与衰老、特别是 2 型糖尿病的关系。此外，还讨论了潜在的机制——包括与肠道微生物群和 AGEs 的受体有关的机制，以及 AGEs 在影响健康老年人、肥胖者和糖尿病患者的生理方面可能发挥的作用，以及它们对 COVID-19 的易感性。
