Pliszka Monika, Szablewski Leszek
Chair and Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, 5 Chalubinskiego Str., 02-004 Warsaw, Poland.
Cancers (Basel). 2021 Aug 20;13(16):4184. doi: 10.3390/cancers13164184.
Tumor growth causes cancer cells to become hypoxic. A hypoxic condition is a hallmark of cancer. Metabolism of cancer cells differs from metabolism of normal cells. Cancer cells prefer the process of glycolysis as a source of ATP. Process of glycolysis generates only two molecules of ATP per one molecule of glucose, whereas the complete oxidative breakdown of one molecule of glucose yields 36 molecules of ATP. Therefore, cancer cells need more molecules of glucose in comparison with normal cells. Increased uptake of glucose by these cells is due to overexpression of glucose transporters, especially GLUT1 and GLUT3, that are hypoxia responsive, as well as other glucose transport proteins. Increased expression of these carrier proteins may be used in anticancer therapy. This phenomenon is used in diagnostic techniques such as FDG-PET. It is also suggested, and there are observations, that therapeutic inhibition of glucose transporters may be a method in treatment of cancer patients. On the other hand, there are described cases, in which upregulation of glucose transporters, as, for example, NIS, which is used in radioiodine therapy, can help patients with cancer. The aim of this review is the presentation of possibilities, and how glucose transporters can be used in anticancer therapy.
肿瘤生长会导致癌细胞缺氧。缺氧状态是癌症的一个标志。癌细胞的代谢不同于正常细胞的代谢。癌细胞更倾向于糖酵解过程作为ATP的来源。糖酵解过程每消耗一分子葡萄糖仅产生两分子ATP，而一分子葡萄糖的完全氧化分解可产生36分子ATP。因此，与正常细胞相比，癌细胞需要更多的葡萄糖分子。这些细胞对葡萄糖摄取的增加是由于葡萄糖转运蛋白的过度表达，尤其是对缺氧有反应的GLUT1和GLUT3以及其他葡萄糖转运蛋白。这些载体蛋白表达的增加可用于抗癌治疗。这种现象被用于如FDG-PET等诊断技术中。也有人提出，并且有观察表明，对葡萄糖转运蛋白的治疗性抑制可能是治疗癌症患者的一种方法。另一方面，也有一些案例报道，例如用于放射性碘治疗的NIS等葡萄糖转运蛋白的上调可以帮助癌症患者。这篇综述的目的是介绍葡萄糖转运蛋白在抗癌治疗中的应用可能性。
