Youth Studies, Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80140, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Social Policy and Public Health, Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80140, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Aug 21;18(16):8823. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18168823.
This study explores the impact of the 'pre-intervention effects' of a community-based intervention. This refers to participatory research processes and parallel publicity in the media on changes in alcohol use and relevant mechanisms (rules and norms about alcohol, accessibility of alcohol in a formal setting) among adolescents before any intervention is implemented. The aim was to investigate the contribution of these processes (i.e., pre-intervention effects) to changes in intervention-targeted factors before any actual intervention was implemented. In a quasi-experimental study, data were collected twice by means of self-report among adolescents living in two municipalities (control and experimental condition). A regression analysis showed negative pre-intervention main effects on adolescents' perceived accessibility of alcohol in a formal setting. Moreover, among adolescents aged 15 years and older, the normative decline in strictness of rules and norms was less steep in the experimental condition compared to the control condition. Additionally, adolescents aged 14 years and younger in the experimental condition reported more weekly drinking compared to their peers in the control condition. No differential effects across gender were found. To conclude, applying a co-creational approach in the development of an intervention not only contributes to more effective interventions in the end, but the involvement of and discussions in the community when planning the intervention contribute to changes in targeted factors. This implies that public discussions about the development of intervention strategies should be considered as an essential feature of co-creation in community-based interventions.
本研究探讨了基于社区的干预措施的“干预前效应”的影响。这是指在实施任何干预措施之前，参与式研究过程和媒体上的平行宣传对青少年饮酒行为和相关机制（关于饮酒的规则和规范、正式场合饮酒的可及性）的变化。目的是调查这些过程（即干预前效应）对干预目标因素在实施任何实际干预措施之前的变化的贡献。在一项准实验研究中，通过青少年在两个直辖市（对照和实验组）的两次自我报告收集数据。回归分析显示，在正式场合中，青少年对酒精可及性的感知存在负向的干预前主要效应。此外，在实验组中，15 岁及以上青少年的规则和规范严格程度的规范下降幅度小于对照组。此外，实验组中 14 岁及以下的青少年每周饮酒量比对照组的同龄人多。未发现性别差异。总之，在干预措施的制定中应用共同创造方法不仅有助于最终更有效的干预措施，而且在规划干预措施时社区的参与和讨论也有助于目标因素的变化。这意味着，应该将关于干预策略制定的公共讨论视为基于社区的干预措施共同创造的一个重要特征。
