Toulouse NeuroImaging Center (ToNIC), INSERM/UPS UMR 1214, CHU Toulouse-Purpan, 31024 Toulouse, France.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Aug 18;22(16):8876. doi: 10.3390/ijms22168876.
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a master regulator of metabolism, adipogenesis, inflammation and cell cycle, and it has been extensively studied in the brain in relation to inflammation or neurodegeneration. Little is known however about its role in viral infections of the brain parenchyma, although they represent the most frequent cause of encephalitis and are a major threat for the developing brain. Specific to viral infections is the ability to subvert signaling pathways of the host cell to ensure virus replication and spreading, as deleterious as the consequences may be for the host. In this respect, the pleiotropic role of PPARγ makes it a critical target of infection. This review aims to provide an update on the role of PPARγ in viral infections of the brain. Recent studies have highlighted the involvement of PPARγ in brain or neural cells infected by immunodeficiency virus 1, Zika virus, or human cytomegalovirus. They have provided a better understanding on PPARγ functions in the infected brain, and revealed that it can be a double-edged sword with respect to inflammation, viral replication, or neuronogenesis. They unraveled new roles of PPARγ in health and disease and could possibly help designing new therapeutic strategies.
过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体 γ（PPARγ）是代谢、脂肪生成、炎症和细胞周期的主要调节剂，它在与炎症或神经退行性变有关的大脑中得到了广泛研究。然而，关于其在脑实质病毒感染中的作用，人们知之甚少，尽管它们是脑炎最常见的原因，也是发育中大脑的主要威胁。特定于病毒感染的是能够颠覆宿主细胞的信号通路，以确保病毒复制和传播的能力，尽管这对宿主可能产生有害的后果。在这方面，PPARγ 的多效性作用使其成为感染的关键靶点。本综述旨在提供有关 PPARγ 在脑病毒感染中的作用的最新信息。最近的研究强调了 PPARγ 在感染免疫缺陷病毒 1、寨卡病毒或人类巨细胞病毒的脑或神经细胞中的作用。它们提供了对感染大脑中 PPARγ 功能的更好理解，并表明它在炎症、病毒复制或神经元发生方面可能是一把双刃剑。它们揭示了 PPARγ 在健康和疾病中的新作用，并可能有助于设计新的治疗策略。
