College of Horticulture and Forestry (Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry), Neri, Hamirpur, 177 001, Himachal Pradesh, India.
Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India.
Chemosphere. 2022 Jan;287(Pt 1):131957. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131957. Epub 2021 Aug 20.
An increase in technological interventions and ruthless urbanization in the name of development has deteriorated our environment over time and caused the buildup of heavy metals (HMs) in the soil and water resources. These heavy metals are gaining increased access into our food chain through the plant and/or animal-based products, to adversely impact human health. The issue of how to restrict the entry of HMs or modulate their response in event of their ingress into the plant system is worrisome. The current knowledge on the interactive-regulatory role and contribution of different physical, biophysical, biochemical, physiological, and molecular factors that determine the heavy metal availability-uptake-partitioning dynamics in the soil-plant-environment needs to be updated. The present review critically analyses the interactive overlaps between different adaptation and tolerance strategies that may be causally related to their cellular localization, conjugation and homeostasis, a relative affinity for the transporters, rhizosphere modifications, activation of efflux pumps and vacuolar sequestration that singly or collectively determine a plant's response to HM stress. Recently postulated role of gaseous pollutants such as SO and other secondary metabolites in heavy metal tolerance, which may be regulated at the whole plant and/or tissue/cell is discussed to delineate and work towards a "not so heavy" response of plants to heavy metals present in the contaminated soils.
随着时间的推移，以发展为名的技术干预和无情的城市化破坏了我们的环境，导致土壤和水资源中重金属（HM）的积累。这些重金属通过植物和/或动物源性产品越来越多地进入我们的食物链，对人类健康造成不利影响。如何限制 HM 的进入或在其进入植物系统时调节它们的反应是令人担忧的问题。目前关于决定土壤-植物-环境中重金属可用性-吸收-分配动态的不同物理、生物物理、生化、生理和分子因素的相互调节作用和贡献的知识需要更新。本综述批判性地分析了不同适应和耐受策略之间的相互重叠，这些策略可能与其细胞定位、结合和内稳态、对转运蛋白的相对亲和力、根际修饰、外排泵的激活和液泡隔离有关，这些因素单独或共同决定了植物对 HM 胁迫的反应。最近提出的气态污染物（如 SO 和其他次生代谢物）在重金属耐受中的作用，可能在整个植物和/或组织/细胞水平上受到调节，以阐明并努力实现植物对污染土壤中存在的重金属的“不那么沉重”的反应。
