Polla Ravi Shruthi, Shamiya Yasmeen, Chakraborty Aishik, Elias Cynthia, Paul Arghya
School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada.
Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada.
Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2021 Oct;42(10):813-828. doi: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.07.006. Epub 2021 Aug 25.
Vaccines have been used to train the immune system to recognize pathogens, and prevent and treat diseases, such as cancer, for decades. However, there are continuing challenges in their manufacturing, large-scale production, and storage. Some of them also show suboptimal immunogenicity, requiring additional adjuvants and booster doses. As an alternate vaccination strategy, a new class of biomimetic materials with unique functionalities has emerged in recent years. Here, we explore the current bioengineering techniques that make use of hydrogels, modified polymers, cell membranes, self-assembled proteins, virus-like particles (VLPs), and nucleic acids to deliver and develop biomaterial-based vaccines. We also review design principles and key regulatory issues associated with their development. Finally, we critically assess their limitations, explore approaches to overcome these limitations, and discuss potential future applications for clinical translation.
几十年来，疫苗一直被用于训练免疫系统识别病原体，预防和治疗诸如癌症等疾病。然而，它们在制造、大规模生产和储存方面仍面临持续挑战。其中一些疫苗还表现出次优的免疫原性，需要额外的佐剂和加强剂量。作为一种替代疫苗接种策略，近年来出现了一类具有独特功能的新型仿生材料。在此，我们探讨了当前利用水凝胶、改性聚合物、细胞膜、自组装蛋白、病毒样颗粒（VLP）和核酸来递送和开发基于生物材料的疫苗的生物工程技术。我们还回顾了与其开发相关的设计原则和关键监管问题。最后，我们批判性地评估了它们的局限性，探索克服这些局限性的方法，并讨论其临床转化的潜在未来应用。
